This paper focuses on the cross elasticity of supply concept and incidentally on the cross elasticity of demand concept. The author reviews a body of contemporaneous and older textbooks in intermediate microeconomics and industrial organization/public policy and finds that cross elasticity of supply is and has been seldom discussed in such textbooks, while cross elasticity of demand tends to be...

While many studies attempted to evaluate performance of immunization programmes in developing countries by full coverage, there is a growing awareness about the limitations of such evaluation, irrespective of the overall quality of performance. Availability of human resources, equipment, supporting drugs, and training of personnel are considered to be crucial indicators of the quality of immuni...

Many reliability prediction techniques require an estimate for the number of residual faults. In this paper, a new theory is developed for using test coverage to estimate the number of residual faults. This theory is applied to a specific example with known faults and the results agree well with the theory. The theory is used to justify the use of linear extrapolation to estimate residual fault...

There has been increased interest in and experimentation with demand-side mechanisms such as the use of vouchers that place purchasing power in the hands of targeted consumers to improve the uptake of healthcare services in low-income settings. A key measure of the success of such interventions is the extent to which the programmes have succeeded in reaching the target populations. This article...

At first the thesis introduces a new concept: coverage-based pattern mining. Then based on this concept, two ensemble pruning algorithms, CPM-EP and PMEP are put forward. By the algorithms we get candidate sub-patterns,and applies coverage pattern mining and a greedy strategy to acquire candidate target ensemble. Experiments show that pattern mining is an efficient selective integration strateg...

Rapid “urbanization” (more than 50% of world’s population now resides in cities) coupled with the natural lack of coordination in usage of common resources (ex: bikes, ambulances, taxis, traffic personnel, attractions) has a detrimental effect on a wide variety of response (ex: waiting times, response time for emergency needs) and coverage metrics (ex: predictability of traffic/security patrols...

Throughout the postwar era in federal health policy, policymakers have sought to expand both public and private insurance coverage, while wrestling with the cost consequences of the demand generated by the insurance-financing mechanisms thus created. This essay advances the view that the limits to insurance expansion have been reached and that public and private plan sponsors will henceforth co...

The wireless environment is becoming a crucial medium for communication. The demand for such systems is growing constantly. Due to increased user bandwidth requirements, in the near future the frequency bands available for wireless communications may be insufficient. This report shows a study of how two different systems can use the same frequency band in the same area and cause minimal interfe...

in many practical distribution networks, managers face significant uncertainties in demand, local price of building facilities, transportation cost, and macro and microeconomic parameters. this paper addresses design of distribution networks in a supply chain system which optimizes the performance of distribution networks subject to required service level. this service level, which is considere...

proposing a model to explain the concurrent decision making process in the labor and commodities markets in iranian urban households is the main objective of the present paper. the paper starts with introduction of the concepts of modem theories of family economics, with the view of expanding the scope of economics well into the households and it comes to conclusion with specification and fitti...