Flat slab concrete buildings are widely found in infrastructure such as office and residential buildings or industrial facilities. The susceptibility of progressive collapse of such structures due to accidental loads is highly dependent on the structural performance of the slab-column connections. This paper presents a framework for a simplified reliability analysis and derivation of safety fac...

Using constraint-based local search, we effectively model and efficiently solve the problem of balancing the traffic demands on portions of the European airspace while ensuring that their capacity constraints are satisfied. The traffic demand of a portion of airspace is the hourly number of flights planned to enter it, and its capacity is the upper bound on this number under which air-traffic c...

Demand for network capacity continues to escalate as mobile subscribers get accustomed to using more data-rich and video-oriented services from their increasingly sophisticated devices. Deployments of 4th generation LTE/LTE-A mobile networks are poised to boost that demand even further as they promise to deliver subscribers a wireline experience in their wireless networks. In light of the signi...

abstract plant roots absorb water and minerals from soil solution. plant production is a function of root distribution and its activity in soil. by increasing root density in soil unit volume, roots absorb more water and minerals. this implies that knowledge of root development is an important factor for crop production. to determine the most suitable amount of water for the maximum development...

We estimate potential energy savings in IP-over-WDM networks achieved by switching off router line cards in low-demand hours. We compare three approaches to react on dynamics in the IP traffic over time, FUFL, DUFL and DUDL. They provide different levels of freedom in adjusting the routing of lightpaths in the WDM layer and the routing of demands in the IP layer. Using MILP models based on thre...

Cork boiling wastewater pollutants were fractionated by sequential use of four ultrafiltration membranes and five fractions were obtained: four retentates (>100, 50-100, 20-50 and 10-20 kDa) and one permeate (<10 kDa); which were used to study the correlation of molecular size with biodegradability and toxicity before and after ozonation. The results show that molecular size is correlated with ...

We study capacity reservation contracts in high-tech manufacturing, where the manufacturer (the supplier) shares the risk of capacity expansion with her OEM customer (the buyer). We focus on shortlife-cycle, make-to-order products under stochastic demand. The supplier and the buyer are partners who enter a "design-win" agreement to develop the product, and who share demand information. The supp...

in this paper, we develop a capacitated location-covering model considering interval values for demand and service parameters. we also consider flexibility on distance standard for covering demand nodes by the servers. we use the satisfaction degree to represent the constraint of service capacity. the proposed model belongs to the class of mixed integer programming models. our model can be redu...

Driven by surging demands for high data rate services and better user experiences, there is an increasing capacity demand in heterogeneous cellular networks. As one of the promising solutions for capacity enhancement, densely deployed small cells are proposed to provide a huge capacity gain and improve the user experience with high data rate services. However, the inter-cell interference among ...

limit to the tension reinforcement ratio in flexural high strength reinforced concrete (hsrc) members isbased on the requirement that tension failure as sufficient rotation capacity are ensured at ultimate limit state.however, the provisions for the total amount of longitudinal reinforcement ratio ( and ) are not associated withany rational derivation. in this paper, a quantitative measure to e...