this paper proposes an optimal power flow (opf) algorithm by direct load control (dlc) programs to optimize the operational cost of smart grids considering various scenarios based on different constraints. the cost function includes active power production cost of available power sources and a novel flexible load curtailment cost associated with dlc programs. the load curtailment cost is based ...

this paper investigates an epq model with the increasing demand and demand dependent production rate involving the trade credit financing policy, which is seldom reported in the literatures. the model considers the manufacturer was offered by the supplier a delayed payment time. it is assumed that the demand is a linear increasing function of the time and the production rate is proportional to ...

in this study the consumption behavior of iranian urban households is analyzed for the eight main food commodities groups including cereal and its products, meat, milk and its products and eggs, fruits and vegetables, edible oils and butter, beverages, grains and nuts over 1974-2007. in this context, the flexible demand models such as quadratic expenditure, rotterdam, almost ideal demand system...

conclusions based on the results of this research, it seems that allocating public resources in the form of providing health insurance or government subsidies can decline financial burden of drugs on patients. results the results showed that the estimated effects of sub-specialist visits tariff and general physician visits tariff on the drug demand were positive but not significant (p > 0.05) a...