BACKGROUND Differential access to healthy foods may contribute to racial and economic health disparities. The availability of healthy foods has rarely been directly measured in a systematic fashion. This study examines the associations among the availability of healthy foods and racial and income neighborhood composition. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2006 to determine diff...

BACKGROUND Neighborhood environment factors may influence physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to develop and test a brief instrument to systematically document and describe the type, features, amenities, quality and incivilities of a variety of PA resources. METHOD The one-page Physical Activity Resource Assessment (PARA) instrument was developed to assess all publicly avail...

It is a meaningful issue that under what condition neighborhoods induced by a covering are equal to the covering itself. A necessary and sufficient condition for this issue has been provided by some scholars. In this paper, through a counter-example, we firstly point out the necessary and sufficient condition is false. Second, we present a necessary and sufficient condition for this issue. Thir...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study, as part of a larger study on neighborhoods and child maltreatment, was to determine how parents residing in neighborhoods with differing profiles of risk for child maltreatment reports defined child abuse and neglect and viewed its etiology. METHOD Parents (n = 400) were systematically selected from neighborhoods (n=20) with different profiles of risk for ...

Deviations from the center within a robust neighborhood may naturally be considered an infinite dimensional nuisance parameter. Thus, the semiparametric method may be tried, which is to compute the scores function for the main parameter minus its orthogonal projection on the closed linear tangent space for the nuisance parameter, and then rescale for Fisher consistency. We derive such a semipar...

Abstract The main purpose of this work is the construction an analytic functional calculus for Clifford operators, which are operators acting on certain modules over algebras. Unlike in some preceding works by other authors, we use a spectrum defined complex plane, and also stem functions, neighborhoods such spectrum. replacement slice regular having values algebra, functions becomes possible b...

In this paper we present two major approaches to solve the car sequencing problem, in which the goal is to find an optimal arrangement of commissioned vehicles along a production line with respect to constraints of the form “no more than lc cars are allowed to require a component c in any subsequence of mc consecutive cars”. The first method is an exact one based on integer linear programming (...

We report our initial experiments on a computational approach to neighborhood detection from community-authored location annotated content. Automated discerning of context from the physical environment is an important challenge in the age of mobile computing, where context awareness can often be a critical component in the design of pervasive applications. Furthermore, defining the context of a...

We derive spectral sequences for the intersection homology of stratified fibrations and approximate tubular neighborhoods in manifold stratified spaces. The neighborhoods include regular neighborhoods in PL stratified spaces. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 55N33, 55R20 (Secondary: 57N80, 55R65)

Findings from studies investigating associations of residential environment with poor birth outcomes have been inconsistent. In a systematic review and meta-analysis, we examined associations of neighborhood disadvantage with preterm birth (PTB) and low birthweight (LBW), and explored differences in relationships among racial groups. Two reviewers searched English language articles in electroni...