A mentally retarded 7-year-old male child presented with inattention and hyperactivity which was initially diagnosed as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, a careful evaluation of symptomatology along with clues provided by specific features of facial dysmorphism in this case along with genetic testing clinched the diagnosis of Smith-Magneis syndrome the behavioural phenot...

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (adhd) is a commonly diagnosed childhood disorder that affects approximately 3 to 7% of children. as a result, adhd is one of the most common presenting problems among children referred to mental health professionals. pharmacotherapy is the most commonly recommended intervention for adhd and it has been shown to be the optimal treatment option in cases w...

Although psychostimulants alleviate the core symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), recent studies confirm that their impact on the long-term outcomes of ADHD children is null. Psychostimulants enhance extracellular dopamine. Numerous review articles assert that they correct an underlying dopaminergic deficit of genetic origin. This dopamine-deficit theory of ADHD is often...

BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity symptoms have repeatedly been associated with poor cognitive functioning. Genetic studies have demonstrated a shared etiology of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cognitive ability, suggesting a common underlying neurobiology of ADHD and cognition. Further, neuroimaging studies suggest that altered cortical development is related to A...

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by behavioral and neurodevelopmental problems. It estimated that 3 - 7% of children adolescents suffer from this problem. Apart synthetic drugs, other effective types medication like herbal medicines are great importance. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness methylphenidate (MPH) its combination w...

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent psychiatric disorder in children. Although an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs has been proposed as contributing to this disorder, the mechanisms underlying this highly heterogeneous disease remain largely unknown. Here, we show that N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) deficiency is involved in the development of ...

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder that usually diagnosed in childhood. It characterized by attention deficits, hyperactivity, and impulsivity leading to significant impairment academic, occupational, familiar, social functioning. Most of the literature has been focusing on impact this condition infancy preadolescence, but little known its consequences...

OBJECTIVE The efficacy of atomoxetine was assessed in school-age girls with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Atomoxetine is a potent inhibitor of the presynaptic norepinephrine transporter with minimal affinity for other noradrenergic receptors or for other neurotransmitter transporters or receptors. METHODS A total of 291 children who were 7 to 13 years of age and met Diagnos...

OBJECTIVE Neurological soft signs are very common in children with the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and the first line medication of this disorder is methylphenidate. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of methylphenidate on the neurological soft signs in children and adolescents suffering from ADHD depending on the dose of methylphenidate. METHODS Thirty five pa...

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with a worldwide prevalence of 5%. It is characterized by symptoms of attention deficit and/or hyperactivity/impulsiveness that is maintained for at least six months. ADHD is a neural disorder with structural and functional abnormalities in some areas of the brain. Pharmac...