0031-9007= By simply changing the isotopes of the Si atoms that neighbor an oxygen Oi atom in crystalline silicon, the measured decay rate of the asymmetric-stretch vibration ( 3 1136 cm 1) of oxygen (Oi) in silicon changes by a factor of 2:5. These data establish that 3 decays by creating one 1 symmetric-stretch, local-vibrational mode of the Si-Oi-Si structure. If the residual energy ( 3 1) i...

Several earthquakes with strong magnitude occurred globally at various locations, especially the unforgettable tsunami disaster caused by the earthquake in Indonesia and Japan. If the characteristics of structures can be well understood to implement new technology, the damages caused by most natural disasters can be significantly alleviated. In this research, dynamic digital image correlation m...

The use of an optically thick slab may provide versatile solutions for the realization of a current injection type laser using photonic crystals. Here, we show that a transversely higher-order defect mode can be designed to be confined by a photonic band gap in such a thick slab. Using simulations, we show that a high-Q of > 10 is possible from a finely tuned second-order hexapole mode. Experim...

We present an adiabatic taper design in three dimensions for coupling light into photonic crystal defect waveguides in a square lattice of circular dielectric rods. The taper is a two-stage structure in which the first stage makes the transition from a dielectric waveguide to a coupled-cavity waveguide. The second stage subsequently transforms the waveguide mode from an index-guided mode to a b...

A common cause failure occurs when several failures have the same origin. Common cause failures are either common event failures, where the cause is a single external event, or common mode failures, where two systems fail in the same way for the same reason. Common mode failures can occur at different times because of a design defect or a repeated external event. Common event failures reduce th...

The use of an optically thick slab may provide versatile solutions for the realization of a current injection type laser using photonic crystals. Here, we show that a transversely higher-order defect mode can be designed to be confined by a photonic band gap in such a thick slab. Using simulations, we show that a high-Q of > 10 is possible from a finely tuned second-order hexapole mode. Experim...

With increasing defect density and process variations in nanometer technologies, testing for delay faults is becoming essential in manufacturing test to complement stuck-at-fault testing. This paper presents a novel test technique based on supply gating, which can be used as an alternative to the enhanced scan based delay fault testing, with significantly less design overhead. Experimental resu...

The dielectric and conduction behavior of SrTiO3 thin films deposited on a SrTiO3 single-crystal substrate is studied. Without dc bias, an obvious dielectric ‘‘defect mode’’ in the dielectric loss is observed in the temperature range of ;100–200 K; however, no noticeable corresponding dielectric constant peak is observed. By applying a high dc bias ~>40 kV/cm!, a dielectric constant peak with f...

A microcavity surface-emitting coherent electroluminescent device operating at room temperature under pulsed current injection is described. The microcavity is formed by a single defect in the center of a 2-D photonic crystal consisting of a GaAsbased heterostructure. The gain region consists of two 70Å compressively strained In0 15Ga0 85As quantum wells, which exhibit a spontaneous emission pe...

We have fabricated and characterized donor-mode nanocavities formed by a single defect cavity defined within a two-dimensional photonic crystal slab. Quantum dots emitting in the 1.1–1.3 micron range were used as luminescence sources, and a design using fractional edge dislocations was used to demonstrate well-confined dipole modes with high quality factors. By applying the fractional dislocati...