The energy sector is responsible for a large share of climate-damaging emissions. Regarding the decarbonization sector, deep geothermal considered to have high potential, particularly in area heat supply. In order gauge extent which use from can make positive contribution climate protection, systems should be appraised using an environmental sustainability assessment. Although electricity gener...

The U-type medium-deep borehole ground heat exchanger BGHE is a new form of utilization geothermal energy and there has been relatively little research on it. This paper introduces the structure working principle BGHE. control equations based characteristics transfer model are established creatively. initial boundary conditions circulating fluid rock soil determined. And reliability simulation ...

Evaporation from the sea surface, primarily within a hurricane’s core, provides the heat energy required to intensify and maintain the storm (e.g. Cione and Uhlhorn 2003, Emanuel 2003, and references therein). If the sea surface temperature (SST) decreases within the storm core, so does the heat energy available to the storm. Generally, in the deep ocean, SST cooling within the storm core occur...

In many clinical, ergonomic and sporting contexts, humans are exposed to environments that are suboptimal for physical and cognitive performance. This has prompted a substantial body research on the human response to heat, cold, hypoxia, noise, vibration, hypoand hyperbaria, as well as hyperand microgravity. However, working at environmental extremes can expose individuals to more than just a s...

BACKGROUND Capacitive radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia suffers from excessive temperature rise near the electrodes and poorly localized heat transfer to the deep-seated tumor region even though it is known to have potential to cure ill-conditioned tumors. To better localize heat transfer to the deep-seated target region in which electrical conductivity is elevated by nanoparticle mediation, two...

Electron antineutrinos accompanying the β-decays of long-lived isotopes of uranium, thorium, and potassium in the earth carry information about the quantity and distribution of these geologically important, heat-producing isotopes. This letter discusses terrestrial antineutrino flux measurements at both a continental and an oceanic site. A combined analysis of both measurements provides informa...

We model thermal evolution of magnetars with a phenomenological heat source in a spherical internal layer and compare the results with observations of persistent thermal radiation from magnetars. We show that the heat source should be located in the outer magnetar’s crust, at densities ρ 5 × 1011 g cm−3, and the heating rate should be ∼ 1020 erg cm−3 s−1. Heating deeper layers is extremely inef...

This auxiliary material provides additional information for Forest et al. (2005). It presents details on the methods used (Sect. 1) and a set of sensitivity tests for the estimated PDFs (Sect. 2). Three tests provide details on sensitivities to the noise model truncation, to the latitude dependence of the deep-ocean heat uptake, and to uncertainty in the volcanic forcing. There is also a sectio...