decrease the risk of complications. Accordingly, the revised cutoff for FPG was established on the basis of the risk for the development of complications of diabetes. Analysis of several studies revealed that the approximate thresholds for increased risk of retinopathy and microvascular and macrovascular disease were 6.9 mmol/L (125 mg/dL) and 11.1 mmol/L (200 mg/dL) for fasting and 2-h postloa...

Serial 3 orthogonal lead electrocardiograms were recorded on 67 patients with acute myocardial infarction. For each series of electrocardiograms, the day to day changes and the changes with respect to the initial computer measurements of selected ST-T segment amplitudes and vector orientations were investigated. The results indicated that the degree of rotation of ST-T vectors, which correspond...

OBJECTIVES The number of clinical studies evaluating the new tubular biomarker urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (U-NGAL) in urine are increasing. There is no consensus whether absolute U-NGAL concentrations or urinary NGAL/creatinine (U-NGAL/Cr) ratios should be used when chronic tubular dysfunction is studied. The aim was to study the biological variation of U-NGAL in healthy...

Day-to-day variation of the corrected orthogonial electrocardiogram was investigated in 20 normal subjects. Ten recordings were made in each individual witlh chest electrode positions left unmarked first, after which 10 subjects underwent another series of 10 consecutive daily recordings with marked electrode locations. Mean and maximal day-to-day variations of durations and amplitudes of diffe...

Between-day variance is an ambiguous term representing either total variance or pure between-day variance. In either case, it is often incorrectly calculated even though analysis of variance (ANOVA) and other excellent methods of estimation are available. We used statistical theory to predict the magnitude of error expected from using several intuitive approaches to estimation of variance compo...

Ocean acidification (OA) results in reduced seawater pH and aragonite saturation state (Ωarag), but also reduced seawater buffer capacity. As buffer capacity decreases, diel variation in seawater chemistry increases. However, a variety of ecosystem feedbacks can modulate changes in both average seawater chemistry and diel seawater chemistry variation. Here we model these effects for a coastal, ...

This study aimed to quantify the variability of walking in young adults across measurement sessions held at varied time intervals. Inconsistent marker placement, a major source of variation in gait measurement, was minimized in this study in order to quantify how much variation is attributable to participants naturally altering their walking. Three-dimensional gait data were captured from five ...

Diaphragm activation can be quantified by measuring the root mean square of crural EMG (RMSdi) (Beck J, Sinderby C, Lindstrom L, and Grassino A, J Appl Physiol 85: 1123-1134, 1998). To examine intersubject and day-to-day variation in the RMSdi-Pco(2) relationship, end-tidal Pco(2), minute ventilation (Ve), respiratory frequency (f(B)), and RMSdi were measured in seven healthy subjects on two oc...

Day-to-day variation of the corrected orthogonial electrocardiogram was investigated in 20 normal subjects. Ten recordings were made in each individual witlh chest electrode positions left unmarked first, after which 10 subjects underwent another series of 10 consecutive daily recordings with marked electrode locations. Mean and maximal day-to-day variations of durations and amplitudes of diffe...

An experiment was conducted that examined the effect of day-to-day variability of dietary energy on feed intake behavior. Three levels of average daily dietary ME composition (2,580, 2,814, and 3,009 kcal/kg) and three levels of day-to-day variability of ME (low, medium, and high) were assigned to nine groups of DeKalb-XL laying hens in a 3x3 factorial design. Each of the nine treatments contai...