Hydrogen becomes a promising alternative energy carrier to fossil fuels since it is clean, renewable, contains high energy content and does not contribute to greenhouse effect. Therefore, using cheap or renewable resources, such as lignocellulosic materials, as the feedstock for hydrogen production, in particular, dark fermentative hydrogen production has a great potential to give major contrib...

The anaerobic starch breakdown into end-products in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii F-60 has been investigated in the dark and in the light. The effects of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) and carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenyl hydrazone (FCCP) on the fermentation in the light have also been investigated.Anaerobic starch breakdown rate (13.1 +/- 3.5 micromoles C pe...

recovery of metabolites from fermentation broth by solvent extraction can be used to optimize fermentation processes. end-product reutilization, low product concentration and large volumes of fermentation broth and the requirements for large bioreactors, in addition to the high cost largely contributed to the decline in fermentative 2,3-butanediol production. extraction can successfully be used...

Chinese dark teas (CDTs) are now among the popular tea beverages worldwide due to their unique health benefits. Because the production of CDTs involves fermentation that is characterized by the effect of microbes, microorganisms are believed to play critical roles in the determination of the chemical characteristics of CDTs. Some dominant fungi have been identified from CDTs. In contrast, littl...

It is known that alcoholic fermentation is important for survival of plants under anaerobic conditions. Acetaldehyde, one of the intermediates of alcoholic fermentation, is not only reduced by alcohol dehydrogenase but also can be oxidized by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). To determine whether ALDH plays a role in anaerobic metabolism in rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Nipponbare), we characterized a ...

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic photosynthetic microbes experience conditions of anoxia, especially during the night when photosynthetic activity ceases. In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, dark anoxia is characterized by the activation of an extensive set of fermentation pathways that act in concert to provide cellular energy, while limiting the accumulation of potentially toxic fermentative product...

Today there is a worldwide interest in the use of biomass as an environmental friendly renewable energy source. The depletion of fossil oil reserves, constant uncertainties as far as price is concerned, unsecured supplies, and environmental pollution are among the many energy problems, when the use of fossil fuels are considered. Greenhouse effect and its consequences on climate change is one o...

Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus is one of the most thermophilic cellulolytic organisms known to date. This Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium ferments a broad spectrum of mono-, di- and polysaccharides to mainly acetate, CO2 and hydrogen. With hydrogen yields approaching the theoretical limit for dark fermentation of 4 mol hydrogen per mol hexose, this organism has proven itself to be an ex...

Large amounts of waste biomass are generated in sugar factories from the processing of sugar beets. After diffusion with hot water to draw the sugar from the beet pieces, a wet material remains called pulp. In this study, waste sugar beet pulp biomass was enzymatically depolymerized, and the obtained hydrolyzates were subjected to fermentation processes. Bioethanol, biomethane, and biohydrogen ...

Miso paste (miso), a fermented soybean food, is popular in Japan and other Asian countries. However, the soybean is known to induce an allergenic response in some individuals. In the present study, we evaluated the allergenicity of various kinds of miso available in Japan. Total proteins were extracted from Amakuti-kome miso, Karakuti-kome miso, Mugi-miso and Mame-miso, and the protein profiles...