BACKGROUND Following a suspected outbreak of scrub typhus in Kurseong, Darjeeling, the Armed Forces Medical College, Pune was requested by the National Institute of Epidemiology and the State authorities to undertake investigation of the ongoing scrub typhus outbreak and suggest containment measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The epidemic team undertook clinical, entomological and serological stu...

Health workforce includes clinically trained health professionals, health management and support workers. Imbalance in health workforce is a major challenge, as its size and quality positively determine country’s ability to meet its goals of organizing and delivering health services, like immunization coverage, outreach of primary care etc. Unfortunately, India has uneven, inequitable and mal-d...

Combustion-derived black carbon (BC) aerosols accelerate glacier melting in the Himalayas and in Tibet (the Third Pole (TP)), thereby limiting the sustainable freshwater supplies for billions of people. However, the sources of BC reaching the TP remain uncertain, hindering both process understanding and efficient mitigation. Here we present the source-diagnostic Δ(14)C/δ(13)C compositions of BC...

The Greater Himalayas hold the largest mass of ice outside polar regions and are the source of the 10 largest rivers in Asia. Rapid reduction in the volume of Himalayan glaciers due to climate change is occurring. The cascading effects of rising temperatures and loss of ice and snow in the region are affecting, for example, water availability (amounts, seasonality), biodiversity (endemic specie...

A female individual of Sanaa regalis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1895) was collected in the Tanahun district Central Nepal September 2021. This katydid had been reported prior from India East Himalayas and Chhattisgarh India. is first record this species Himalayas, Nepal. The differs its congenerics S. imperialis (White, 1846) intermedia Beier, 1944 ovipositor being distinctly black at base.

Abstract The processes underlying heavy rainfall in the higher elevations of Himalayas are still not well known despite their importance. Here, we examine detailed process causing a event, observed by our rain gauge network Rolwaling valley, eastern Nepal Himalayas, using ERA5 and regional cloud-resolving numerical simulation. Heavy precipitation (112 mm day −1 ) was on 8 July 2019 at Dongang (...

In the manufacture of the alcoholic liquor the starchy portion is first converted into sugars which are next fermented. These changes are brought, about by the activity of various moulds and yeasts, and a culture of these organisms is supplied in the form of murcha prepared from several ingredients. C. M. Hutchinson and C. S. Ram Ayyar describe the manufacture of murcha in the following manner ...