A declining crocodile population and fish mortalities attributed to pansteatitis, along with increasing blooms of Microcystis aeruginosa and Ceratium hirundinella, have led to serious concerns about water quality in Loskop Dam, on the Olifants River, South Africa. Major impacts include acid mine drainage and eutrophication associated with sewage effluent. However, the specific causes of panstea...

A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was used to calculate the velocity distribution among multiple parallel microchannels with triangle manifolds. The influences of structural parameters on velocity distribution among microchannels were analyzed. The simulation results showed that the velocity distribution became more uniform with larger microchannel length, depth or sm...

As continental ice from Antarctica reaches the grounding line and begins to float, its underside melts into the ocean. Results obtained with satellite radar interferometry reveal that bottom melt rates experienced by large outlet glaciers near their grounding lines are far higher than generally assumed. The melting rate is positively correlated with thermal forcing, increasing by 1 meter per ye...

A single-camera synthetic Schlieren method is introduced to measure the height of a dynamic free liquid surface in container with flat bottom. Markers placed on bottom, seen through surface, are virtually displaced due light refraction at surface. According Snell’s law, marker displacements depend refractive indices transparent and air, its spatial gradients. We solve resulting governing nonlin...

Abstract In order to study the effect of near-ground explosion energetic materials (EMs) on shell a vertical incinerator, different heights EMs 90 g TNT incinerator with exhaust gas outlet diameters was numerically simulated in three dimensions using AUTODYN software. The simulation results showed that maximum von Mises equivalent stress (mis. stress) occurred at upper edge outlet. Furthermore,...

Reservoir sedimentation is a worldwide problem affecting sustainable storage use as well as sediment transport downstream of dams. Various techniques are applied for sediment mitigation, among which, venting of turbidity currents. This paper reviews, discusses and evaluates venting of turbidity currents based on an experimental approach. Data acquisition during the tests is accomplished using f...