Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) express functional interleukin-18 receptors (IL-18Rs), composed of alpha and beta subunits. These subunits are elevated in VSMCs of atherosclerotic plaques and can be induced by inflammatory agents in cultured VSMC. Because both IL-18 and Angiotensin II (Ang II) are implicated in atherosclerosis, our objective was to analyze the role of IL-18 signaling and p...

Background: We investigated the effects of Withania somnifera root (WS) on insulin resistance, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in fructose-fed rats. Methods: Forty-eight Wistar-Albino male rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=12); Group I as control, Group II as sham-treated with WS by 62.5mg/g per diet, Group III fructose-fed rats received 10%...

background: allergic diseases have increased during the past decade worldwide. th2 type lymphocyte response is known to play an important role in the process of allergic inflammation. il-4, a mediator of type ii cytokine response increases ige synthesis and interferon gamma, a cytokine of type i response interferes with il-4 and inhibits ige production. selenium is an essential component of glu...

Background: The protective effect of the chloroform extract of Cyperus rotundus (CHCR) is attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Cytokines, important regulators of inflammation and repair, play a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Targeting these cytokines can effectively ameliorate the symptoms of IBD. The aim of the present study was to ...

Density functional theory (DFT) has provided deep atomic-level insights into the adsorption behavior of aromatic molecules on solid surfaces. However, modeling surface phenomena large mineral surfaces with accurate plane wave methods (PW) can be orders magnitude more computationally expensive than localized atomic orbitals (LCAO) methods. In present work, we propose a less costly approach based...

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that IL-6 mediates the increases in superoxide, vascular hypertrophy, and endothelial dysfunction in response to angiotensin II (Ang II). METHODS AND RESULTS Responses of carotid arteries from control and IL-6-deficient mice were examined after acute (22-hour) incubation with Ang II (10 nmol/L) or chronic infusion of Ang II (1.4 mg/k...

Leukotriene D4 has been shown to possess the capacity to relax canine superior mesenteric and renal arterial rings in an endothelial-dependent manner. The present study was designed to determine if the remaining peptidoleukotrienes, leukotrienes C4 and E4, share this property. In addition, influences of atropine and of inhibitors of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase activities on relaxation produ...

Background Interleukin- (IL-) 22 is considered a proinflammatory cytokine. Recent evidence has demonstrated that it plays a role in cardiovascular diseases. In the recent study, we investigate whether IL-22 is involved in cardiac hypertrophy. Methods Angiotensin II was used to build hypertrophy model and the IL-22 and IL-22 receptor 1 (IL-22R1) levels in heart tissue were measured. In additio...