Translocation of the Helicobacter pylori (Hp) cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) effector protein via the cag-Type IV Secretion System (T4SS) into host cells is a major risk factor for severe gastric diseases, including gastric cancer. However, the mechanism of translocation and the requirements from the host cell for that event are not well understood. The T4SS consists of inner- and outer mem...

background :the cag pathogenicity island includes a number of genes, including cytotoxin-associated protein a (caga) and vacuolatingcytotoxin (vaca) genotypes, which are associated with bacterial virulence. although the role of caga and vaca in the virulence of helicobacter pylori (h. pylori) is well-established in epidemiological studies, the relationship between the caga and vaca genotypes in...

The Helicobacter pylori cagA gene encodes a cytotoxin which is activated by phosphorylation after entering the host epithelial cell. Phosphorylation occurs on specific tyrosine residues within EPIYA motifs in the variable 3'-region. Four different cagA EPIYA motifs have been defined according to the surrounding amino acid sequence; EPIYA-A, -B, -C and -D. Commonly, EPIYA-A and -B are followed b...

conclusions about 90% of h. pylori strains potentially contained vaca s2m2 and s1m2 genotypes. infection with h. pylori strain containing the caga gene or the vaca s1m1 and s1m2 genotypes was associated with increased incidence of peptic ulcer disease (pud). objectives the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of two toxins and genotypes of vaca toxin in patients referred to a centra...

background and objective: helicobacter pylori has several strains with different degrees of virulence. the aim of this study was to detect two major important virulence factors, caga/vaca genotypes, and to determine correlations among different caga/vaca genotypes and histological features of chronic gastritis in iranian patients. methods: in this cross- sectional study, gastric biopsy was take...

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), the human stomach pathogen, lives on the inner surface of the stomach and causes chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric cancer. Plasma membrane repair response is a matter of life and death for human cells against physical and biological damage. We here test the hypothesis that H. pylori also causes plasma membrane disruption injury, and that not only a me...

The cytotoxin-associated gene (Cag) pathogenicity island is a strain-specific constituent of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) that augments cancer risk. CagA translocates into the cytoplasm where it stimulates cell signaling through the interaction with tyrosine kinase c-Met receptor, leading cellular proliferation. Identified as a potential gastric stem cell marker, cluster-of-differentiation (...

BACKGROUND As a marker of Helicobacter pylori, Cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) has been revealed to be the major virulence factor causing gastroduodenal diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the development of different gastroduodenal diseases caused by cagA-positive H. pylori infection remain unknown. Current studies are limited to the evaluation of the correlation betwe...

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a risk factor for distal stomach cancer, and a few small studies have suggested that H. pylori may be a potential risk factor for lung cancer. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a study of 350 lung adenocarcinoma cases, 350 squamous cell carcinoma cases, and 700 controls nested within the Alpha...