Infection of neonatal mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) strain Armstrong (ARM) results in a lifelong persistent infection. Viral variants (cytotoxic T lymphocyte [CTL] negative, persistence positive [CTL- P+]) can be isolated from the lymphoid tissues of such mice. Adult mice inoculated with these CTL- P+ viruses fail to generate sufficient cytotoxic T lymphocytes to clear the...

patients and methods in this cross-sectional study, peripheral mononuclear cells (pbmcs) were isolated from peripheral blood of 29 patients with newly diagnosed pulmonary tb and 19 patients with positive tuberculin skin test. the pbmcs were activated with ppd for 72 hours. activated cells were harvested, rna was extracted and cdna was synthesized. a real-time taqman method was designed and opti...

Evidence from population genetics, gene expression microarrays, and assays of ex vivo T-cell function indicates that the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) controls the level of HTLV-1 expression and the proviral load. The rate at which CTLs kill autologous HTLV-1-infected lymphocytes differs significantly among infected people, but the reasons f...

Various T cell adhesion molecules and their cognate receptors on target cells promote T cell receptor (TCR)-mediated cell killing. In this report, we demonstrate that the interaction of epithelial cell marker E-cadherin with integrin alpha(E)(CD103)beta(7), often expressed by tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), plays a major role in effective tumor cell lysis. Indeed, we found that although ...

Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is very common, identification of patients during acute infection is rare. Consequently, little is known about the immune response during this critical stage of the disease. We analyzed the T lymphocyte response during and after acute resolving HCV infection in three persons, using interferon (IFN)-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) and human his...

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) suppress T cell responses directed against their antigens regardless of their own T cell receptor (TCR) specificity. This makes the use of CTLs promising for tolerance induction in autoimmunity and transplantation. It has been established that binding of the CTL CD8 molecule to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I α3 domain of the recognizing T cell ...

Antigen-specific CD4+ effector T cells primarily provide help for B-cell antibody responses and CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. We have found an expanded population of HIV-1 p24-specific, T-cell receptor V beta 17+, CD4+ T lymphocytes, defined by in vitro proliferative and interferon-gamma responses to a 15-mer Gag peptide, in the peripheral blood of an individual with long-term no...

Specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses to nucleocapsid of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) were identified by using target cells infected with a Semliki Forest virus (SFV) vector. Effector cells for CTL assays were collected from chickens infected with the Gray strain of IBV or inoculated with a DNA plasmid encoding nucleocapsid proteins. IBV-specific CTL epitopes were mapped within t...

BACKGROUND The virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induction is an important target for the development of a broadly protective human influenza vaccine, since most CTL epitopes are found on internal viral proteins and relatively conserved. In this study, the possibility of developing a strain/subtype-independent human influenza vaccine was explored by taking a bioinformatics approach to...