OBJECTIVE To provide a cost analysis of an injectable contraceptive program combining community-based distribution and social marketing in Tigray, Ethiopia. METHODS We conducted a cost analysis, modeling the costs and programmatic outcomes of the program's initial implementation in 3 districts of Tigray, Ethiopia. Costs were estimated from a review of program expense records, invoices, and in...

Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy can be used to increase the therapeutic activity of anti-cancer prodrugs that undergo liver cytochrome P450 (CYP)-catalyzed prodrug to active drug conversion. The present report describes a cell-culture-based assay to identify CYP gene-CYP prodrug combinations that generate bystander cytotoxic metabolites and that may potentially be useful for CYP-based gene...

Neonicotinoid insecticides are used for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes worldwide. Pets directly exposed to neonicotinoids in veterinary products through environmental contamination. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is among the most significant xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes that oxidizes several chemicals, including neonicotinoids. However, CYP activities metabolite compositions of neonicoti...

Abstract Background Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is an anticancer agent widely used in chemotherapy. It has been suggested that CYP causes toxicity many organs, including the lungs and testes. Many studies have indicated some antioxidants possible protective effects against CYP’s side effects. β-cryptoxanthin (BCX), a major carotenoid of potential interest for health, known its antioxidant activities...

The importance of engaging and involving children young people (CYP) in research is widely recognised, especially for educational exploring CYP’s perceptions experiences school processes. Historically, working with CYP to collect qualitative data has involved face-to-face interactions, however the social distancing requirement during COVID-19 pandemic meant there was a need move ‘online’ work ‘...

The basic metabolic cytochrome P450 (CYP) system is essential for biotransformation of sterols and xenobiotics including drugs, for synthesis and degradation of signaling molecules in all living organisms. Most eukaryotes including free-living flatworms have numerous paralogues of the CYP gene encoding heme monooxygenases with specific substrate range. Notably, by contrast, the parasitic flatwo...

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) mediated enzymatic hydroxylation of fatty acids present a green alternative to chemical synthesis hydroxy (HFAs), which are high-value oleochemicals with various uses in materials industry and medical field. Although many CYPs require the presence additional reductase proteins for catalytic activity, self-sufficient have their partner naturally fused into domain, leading g...

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes are of a ubiquitous heme–thiolate proteins family that plays an important role within the biotransformation endogenous molecules and xenobiotics as today’s market is bio-transformed through CYP-mediated metabolism. Major CYP isoforms involved in most reactions mainly CYP3A4 CYP2D6. found extensively human liver gut which this CYP-isoform takes part phase I tran...

In the porcine coronary artery, a cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozyme homologous to CYP 2C8/9 has been identified as an endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) synthase. As some CYP enzymes are reported to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), we hypothesized that the coronary EDHF synthase may modulate vascular homeostasis by the simultaneous production of ROS and epoxyeicosatrienoic aci...

The utility of HepG2 cells to assess drug metabolism and toxicity induced by chemical compounds is hampered by their low cytochrome P450 (CYP) activities. To overcome this limitation, we established HepG2 cell lines expressing major CYP enzymes involved in drug metabolism (CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) and CYP oxidoreductase (POR) using the mammalian-derived artificial chromosome vector....