We characterised membrane currents in undifferentiated RGC-5 cells, a cell line used in in vitro models of apoptosis and glaucoma. The cells were inexcitable, with no voltage-dependent Na(+) currents or action potentials. Some novel currents were observed including basal Cl(-) currents, inwardly rectifiying K(+) currents and Gd(3+) insensitive stretch-activated currents. Our results highlight t...

Maximum Cross Correlation (MCC) technique have been used to derive coastal currents from sequential OCM derived suspended sediment concentration (SSC) maps and the MCC currents are integrated with the Ocean surface current analysis-Real time (OSCAR) ocean currents along the coastal regions of the Southern India. OSCAR currents are mainly depended on the oceanographic measurements from the satel...

In an attempt to categorize the various early transient K+ currents (A-type K+ currents) present in mature neurons, we have explored these currents in the identified neurons in the abdominal ganglion of the mollusk, Aplysia californica. Three distinct types of A-type K+ currents (IAfast, IAslow, and IAdepol) were found. The activation and the steady-state inactivation properties of two of these...

Whole-cell calcium and barium currents were recorded from PC12 cell bodies and growth cones during nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth. Depolarizing voltage steps were applied to activate the currents, and pharmacological agents were used to separate them from other ionic currents. In recordings from growth cones still attached to neurites, current flow from central parts of the...

The objective of these experiments was to test the hypothesis that the "creep currents" induced by Na loading of single frog atrial cells (Hume, J. R., and A. Uehara. 1986. Journal of General Physiology. 87:833) may be generated by an electrogenic Na/Ca exchanger. Creep currents induced by Na loading were examined over a wide range of membrane potentials. During depolarizing voltage-clamp pulse...

Rhythmical alternations between limestone and marls characterize the Pabdeh Formation, southwestern Iran. Three intervals of these rhythmites were studied using sedimentary, petrography and geochemical parameters analysis, to unravel the possible mechanisms responsible for the origin of these rhythmites. The microfacies analysis reflects calm deep-water sedimentation that were interrupted by sp...

This paper presents a new control method for a three-phase four-wire Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) to deal with the problems of power quality under distortional and unbalanced load conditions. The proposed control approach is the combination of instantaneous power theory and Synchronous Reference Frame (SRF) theory which is optimized by using a self-tuning filter (STF) and without us...

Recently, smart grids have been considered as one of the vital elements in upgrading current power systems to a system with more reliability and efficiency. Distributed generation is necessary for most of these new networks. Indeed, in all cases that DGs are used in distribution systems, protection coordination failures may occur in multiple configurations of smart grids using DGs. In different...