INTRODUCTION Mobile phones hold considerable promise for delivering evidence-based smoking cessation interventions that require frequent and objective assessment of smoking status via breath carbon monoxide (Breath CO) measurement. However, there are currently no commercially available mobile-phone-based Breath CO meters. We developed a mobile-phone-based Breath CO meter prototype that attaches...

The digital technology, the wireless communication, and the computer systems have drastically changed the Electric meter generation from Traditional Meter to Automatic Meter. The differences is in how to collect and process information, and traditional meter reading has been long used, and it is still one of the most common ways for meter reading. This method, however, has their disadvantages w...

This paper aimed to evaluate Water Use Efficiency (WUE) indices for crops and horticulture productions. In doing so, after gathering data from 164 farmers, we investigated water withdrawal cost indices and monetary return per cubic meter of water through two econometric and managerial approaches . Besides, water shadow pricesand dry matters of per cub meter of water were calculated. The results...

Since the electric generating, distributing and marketing has been possible; the Electric Meter was introduced and developed along the years, but never like this time. The digital technology, the wireless communication, and the computer systems have dramatically changed the Electric meter generation from Traditional Meter to Automatic Meter and now to Smart Meter. Their differences lie in how t...

Abstract This paper put forward a method on the premise of not changing hardware circuit HPLC communication unit online electrical meter. In meter, meter address is modulated to electric-power line through high-speed carrier signal by on-off keying. intelligent molded case breaker box, after new-type instrument transformer used extract signal, optimization algorithm adopted achieve physical top...

The technical guideline TR-03109 divides between the roles of the SMGW technician and the Gateway administrator whereas the Gateway administrator gains full access to the SMGW and the service technician has only very limited access rights. In many scenarios the service technician will also need full access to the Smart Meter Gateway which means that he must be able to change its role. Federated...

Caregivers often engage in musical interactions with their infants. For example, parents across cultures sing lullabies and playsongs to their infants from birth. Behavioral studies indicate that infants not only extract beat information, but also group these beats into metrical hierarchies by as early as 6 months of age. However, it is not known how this is accomplished in the infant brain. An...

Enhanced energy or electrical meter is a new kind development on electricity measurement and consumption observation. This system will automatically send information to the supplier. The demand of increased because growth industrial development. Thus, accurate bills are most important. Furthermore, enhancement this important for supplier in case excessive consume from costumer. It can be seen t...

In order to make use of analysis and low noise design techniques one requires a knowledge of the noise performance of circuit elements, circuits and complete systems in order to determine whether they meet the specifications or not. Also to judge the effort of noise decreasing procedures in circuits one need to be able to measure the noise level. If high precision noise measurement is required ...