Purpose – This column aims to look at the different economic and intellectual approaches to copyright as separate cultures whose assumptions and approaches make it difficult for them to share a single copyright law. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology relies heavily on anthropological analysis to distinguish the expectations and language of subgroups and microcultures within the large...

For most biologists, 'culture' is either some agar-bound growth in a Petri dish or the nebulous domain of fashion, art and theatre that lies at the edge of scientific understanding. For an increasing number of animal behaviourists, however, 'culture' has a quite different meaning: the learning and social transmission of knowledge and skills among animals. The best-known examples include the ope...

The intracellular life cycle of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus 109 growing on Escherichia coli in a dilute nutrient medium exhibits a period of constant infective titer while the parasite grows and elongates inside the host cell. This period is terminated after 2 to 4 hr, and the number of the plaque-forming units in the culture rises rapidly to as much as six times the initial titer. The growth pa...