Breast cancer incidence rates are low but rising in urban Mongolia. We collected reproductive and lifestyle factor information and measured anthropometrics and serum sex steroid concentrations among 314 premenopausal women living in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Mean differences in hormone concentrations by these factors were calculated using age-adjusted quadratic regression splines. Estrone and estr...

background and purpose: cervical cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women in the world. cervical cancer is no symptoms and can be treated if diagnosed in the first stage of the disease. the aim of this study was to survey the affecting factors of the pap smears test on perceptual factors, enabling and reinforcing (pen-3) model constructs in women. materials and methods: this study was a ...

Understanding the factors associated with sexual behaviour is critical in slowing the spread of HIV in the Philippines, where sexual transmission accounts for most HIV infections, with the majority from heterosexual activity. Further, unprotected sex is common, as is sex with prostitutes. These factors increase the risks associated with extramarital sex. From an analysis of a nationally represe...

BACKGROUND The South-southern zone of Nigeria is one of the zones in the country that has reported consistent high prevalent rates of HIV/AIDS pandemic in the last decade. In spite of bio-medical reasons adduced for the spread of the pandemic, socio-cultural factors may be major issues in the access to both prevention and treatment services especially for women. Hence, this study investigated t...

This study examines whether different social and marginalized groups in American society (minorities, women, rural dwellers, immigrants, low income, less educated) perceive more constraints or barriers to outdoor recreation participation than White middle-class males. Logistic regressions were applied to data from the National Survey on Recreation and the Environment to model the probability th...

total fertility rate relates to the number of children that a woman bears in the fertility period of her life. fertility function is one of the most important health and population indicators. this indicator affects social, health, economic and cultural factors. this study is an ecological or correlative one. factors affecting total fertility rate in iran in the year 2000 are studied in this pa...

BACKGROUND This literature review was made to provide comprehensive to provide comprehensive understanding of health disparities as well as factors and barriers to cancer screening of immigrant women in multicultural societies. METHODS Published articles from 1990-2013 were searched using databases such as CINAHL, MEDLINE, PubMed and Science Direct showing evidence of contributing factors and...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether the probability of having heard about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination differs by socio-demographic characteristics among Colombian women; and whether the effect of predictors of having heard about HPV vaccination varies by educational levels and rural/urban area of residence. METHODS Data of 53,521 women aged 13-49 years were drawn from the 2010 Colombia...

men and women are manufacturers the main families and healthy family the most suitable background perfection and excellence of both the individual and society. in this study, the factors affecting sexual attitudes towards family bonds among faculty and staff in payame noor university, hamedan province was. research has sociological approach and survey method. data, inventory and multi-stage ran...