ion from or analytic reduction of the communication process. While the rules perspective tends to make a single analytic reduction of normative and cultural processes in formulating rules (or norms as discussed above), the ethnographic perspective makes two analytic reductions in the analysis of normative and cultural processes, norms and cultural codes, respectively.

AIM To investigate healthcare professionals' perceptions of caring for people from ethnic minorities with poor or no English language skills when accessing health care. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 34 healthcare professionals to identify their perception of barriers encountered by those with poor or no English language skills. FINDINGS Five main themes were identi...

Cross-cultural interactions across educational boundaries have been enhanced in asynchronous learning networks. The issue of cross-cultural communication is fundamental in asynchronous learning research since the learners involved have significant communication norms that are distinctly different across cultures. The influence wielded by the cultural values of individual and group learners can ...

The absolute hegemony of international code of (academic) communication has resulted in the development and spread of the discoursal voice of the culture form which historical English has emerged, and, as a consequence, any violation from the generic conventions and thinking patterns born out of such a discourse has resulted in the deprivation of non-native thinkers form active participation in...

In today’s business and pandemic scenario, working in an international team is common with remote workers, overseas offices, inescapable cultural gaps. The diversity of co-workers may become a barrier that some people don’t know how to overcome. Most the professionals do not even realize problems differences their work. Cultural awareness helps managers effectively transact employees other stak...