OBJECTIVE To describe endoscopic management of frontal sinus cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective. METHODS We reviewed all frontal sinus CSF leaks treated using an endoscopic approach at our institutions from 1998 to 2003. CSF leaks originated immediately adjacent to or within the frontal recess or frontal sinus proper for inclusion in the study. Data collected includ...

Transclival meningoceles and primary spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks at the clivus are extremely rare lesions and only few of them have been reported in the literature. We report here six cases of transclival primary spontaneous CSF leaks through the clivus. A retrospective case study was performed. We reviewed six cases involving sinonasal CSF leaks located at the clivus treated be...

Three cases of spontaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea were managed at the National University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. Case 1 had bilateral leak secondary to empty sella syndrome and the rest two cases had unilateral leak. Four transnasal endoscopic approaches were performed on these three cases since March 1999. The role of intrathecal Sodium Fluorescein is highlighted in localising t...

Acquired non-traumatic transethmoidal encephaloceles are very infrequent lesions that are generally caused by a tumor or hydrocephalus. As far as we know, there is no reported case of encephalocele after CSF diversion in the literature. We present a 25-year-old woman with hydrocephalus due to aquiductal stenosis who was treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy. Nine months later, she had d...

Four days after cranial trauma, a 41-year-old man presented with fever, headache, confusion, and neck stiffness. He had received antibiotics in an outside hospital for these symptoms. There was no history of CSF rhinorrhea or otorrhea or chronic suppurative otitis media. He underwent cranial diffusion weighted MRI (Figures 1A & 1B), post contrast T1 weighted image (Figure 1C), apparent diffusio...

Abstract Background Spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas occur due to various reasons other than well-identified causes such as trauma, neoplasia or infection. Various contributory factors are attributed formation of spontaneous CSF leaks idiopathic intracranial hypertension leading prominent arachnoid granulations. Further, presence hyper-pneumatized paranasal sinuses the skull base ...

Abstract Introduction Anterior skull base cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are managed successfully with endonasal surgery. Endoscopic closure of CSF from posterior table the frontal sinus remains challenging. Vascularized Hadad-Bassagasteguy flap (HBF) reconstruction has increased rates but does not extend to sinus. We describe our technique using septal pedicled by anterior ethmoid artery (AEA...

Post-traumatic meningitis may occur in moderate to severe head injuries. It generally occurs within two weeks after traumatic event. Seventy five percent of cases have demonstrable basal skull fracture, and fifty eight percent had obvious cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. As expected from above, there is a high rate of infection with organisms indigenous to the nasal cavity. All the accesso...

Background: Spontaneous CSF leak represents less frequent cause of CSF leak, but cases are more difficult to control, with the highest failure rate and recurrence despite adequate repair. The problems in these cases might be related to an underlying undiagnosed associated intracranial hypertension. Recognition and long-term treatment of elevated ICP is therefore critical to the successful manag...

BACKGROUND Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a critical condition with a substantial risk of meningitis. We investigated the use of transferrin isoform analysis as a diagnostic marker for detection of CSF leakage in fluid samples. METHODS We analyzed 241 samples from patients with CSF leakage, most commonly presenting as otorrhea or rhinorrhea, by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel ...