How much do children learn in a year of school? Longitudinal data that tracks over time is scarce developing countries, and so recent studies estimate learning profiles by comparing the ability people with different amounts schooling, at single point time. Such estimates effect schooling on may be biased upwards not controlling for repetition dropout. In this paper I contemporaneous cross-secti...

The aim of this manuscript is to present for the first time the application of the finite element method for solving reaction-diffusion systems with cross-diffusion on continuously evolving domains and surfaces. Furthermore we present pattern formation generated by the reaction-diffusion system with cross-diffusion on evolving domains and surfaces. A two-component reaction-diffusion system with...

The Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) is a space-borne limb viewing mid-infrared high-resolution spectrometer launched on ENVISAT into polar orbit on 1 March 2002. Water vapour and temperature profiles are retrievable from spectral data in an altitude range from approximately 5 km up to the mesosphere. Complementing the operational analysis of ESA, a non-operatio...

A nondestructive inspection of a Mangosteen, Fruit, inside is an essential way for a fruit grading. In this paper, we proposed a nondestructive 2D cross-sectional visualization of Mangosteen using infrared and a method for grading a Mangosteen. The infrared was selected because there is no effect against taste and consumer health. By experiments, the infrared in the frequency range of 850 and 1...

Friction stir processing (FSP) was used for the fabrication of Al-B4C surface composite. Al-Mg-Si alloy was considered as the substrate and B4C particles were incorporated into the substrate by thermo-mechanical effect of FSP. The effect of tool dimensions and different rotational speeds on the microstructure and microhardness of the composite layers was evaluated and the optimum process parame...