Initiatives leading to even modest reduction in animal use at major U.S. universities are likely to continue to face strong opposition. At least, that's the conclusion the author draws from his efforts at Northwestern University. In fact, despite a growing body of evidence that animal-based research is flawed at best and misleading or un-scientific at worst its use is growing at Northwestern an...

Abstract In this paper, we argue that there are epistemic norms on evidence-gathering and consider consequences for how to understand normativity. Though the view such seems intuitive, it has found surprisingly little defense. Rather, many philosophers have argued can only be practical or moral. On a prominent evidentialist version of position, apply responding evidence one already has. Here ch...

Hilary Putnam spent much of his career criticizing the fact/value dichotomy, and this became apparent already during phase when he defended internal realism. He later changed epistemological metaphysical view by endorsing natural realism, with consequence embracing alethic pluralism, idea that truth works differently in various discourse domains. Despite these changes mind epistemology theory t...