The ability to measure the satisfaction of (groups of) voters is a crucial prerequisite for formulating proportionality axioms in approval-based participatory budgeting elections. Two common -- but very different ways voter consider (i) number approved projects and (ii) total cost projects, respectively. In general, it difficult decide which best reflects voters' true utilities. this paper, we ...

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main source(s): University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia. Background The results studies transcatheter mitral valve repair introduced a new conceptual framework that categorized regurgitation (MR) into proportionate (propMR) and disproportionate (dispropMR) according to the relationship between effective regurgi...

The purpose of the work is to define role proportionality as a tool for overcoming legal uncertainty in application by courts principles and norms law modern civil proceedings. It was supported statement that within limits understanding, different from objective or subjective determination phenomena, which were traditionally characteristic national doctrine, understanding not limited properties...

Abstract Under the International Health Regulations (IHR), States must consider decision-making criteria in applying travel restrictions during a public health emergency of international concern. Interpretation on legal parameters such varies widely. This article considers whether and how permissibility under IHR may have changed given recent developments, including evolving scientific evidence...