as oral skills are increasingly seen as a high priority, phonology and pronuncia tion teaching are occupying a central position in the teaching and learning of other languages. the present study is an attempt to shed some light on identifying and exploring the diffculties of iranian efl learners in phonology and pronunciation. to achieve this goal, 3 male language learners (elementary, intermed...

Predictions of the geographic spread of introduced species are often limited by a lack of data on their mechanisms of dispersal. We interviewed boaters and inspected boating equipment at public boat launches on Lake St. Clair (Michigan, USA) to assess the potential for the zebra mussel, an invasive bivalve, to be dispersed overland to inland waters by transient recreational boating activities. ...

To gauge the collateral impacts of fishing we must know where fishing boats operate and how much they fish. Although small-scale fisheries land approximately the same amount of fish for human consumption as industrial fleets globally, methods of estimating their fishing effort are comparatively poor. We present an accessible, spatial method of calculating the effort of small-scale fisheries bas...

Problem Statement Airlines daily face the problem of how to recover when a crew's schedule is disrupted by unplanned events such as maintenance problems or severe weather conditions. These problems create a domino effect and several flights may be delayed or canceled, and aircraft and crews may miss the rest of their assigned flights. Airline coordinators then have to find a minimal cost reassi...

Abstract Primate ecotourism is a fast-growing tourism sector that may have negative effect on wildlife. In riparian areas, tourists can conveniently reach primates via motor boats, but no study has directly examined whether such boats cause stress in primates. Our goal was to test the approach of boat induces stress-related and other behaviors proboscis monkeys ( Nasalis larvatus ), an Endanger...

At the time of writing we entered the final stage of implementing the crew rostering system Harmony CDR to facilitate the planning of catering crews on board of the Thalys, the High Speed Train connecting Paris, Cologne, Brussels, Amsterdam, and Geneva. Harmony CDR optimally supports the creation of crew rosters in two ways. Firstly, Harmony CDR contains a powerful algorithm to automatically ge...