Substance P (SP) is a tachykinin released from both the central and the peripheral endings of primary afferent neurons and functions as a neurotransmitter. As a transmitter signaling pain, substance P is involved in nociception and is an extremely potent vasodilator. We found several studies about this neuropeptide especially in relation to parodontology and a few orthodontic reviews. This is b...

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) has been shown to be a promising host marker for periodontal disease progression. The aim of the present study was to analyze AST in the crevicular fluid (CF) of implants exhibiting peri-implantitis and to evaluate the association between AST levels and progressive attachment loss. Twenty patients who had received a total of 42 endosseous cylindric titanium impl...

The aim of this study was to identify the levels of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, and IL-8 around miniscrews used for anchorage during canine distalization. Sixteen patients (eight males and eight females; mean age, 16.6 ± 2.4 years) who were treated with bilateral upper first premolar extractions were included in the study. Thirty-two maxillary miniscrew implants were placed bilaterally in the alv...

Tannerella forsythia is a poorly studied pathogen despite being one of the main causes of periodontitis, which is an inflammatory disease of the supporting structures of the teeth. We found that despite being recognized by all complement pathways, T. forsythia is resistant to killing by human complement, which is present at up to 70% of serum concentration in gingival crevicular fluid. Incubati...

OBJECTIVE To compare the periodontal health of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth retained with two types of fixed retainers. MATERIALS AND METHODS A fixed straight retainer (SR) group had 39 subjects, and a fixed wave retainer (WR) group had 35 subjects. Subjects were between the ages of 13 and 22 years and had been in fixed retention for 2 to 4 years. Pocket probing depths, bleeding on...

The purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate the effect of citric acid on re-attachment and re-adaptation in conjunction with periodontal surgery. A split-mouth design was used in 10 patients involving 30 quadrants of surgery. A total of 120 teeth were treated. Each quadrant consisted of at least 2 teeth from cuspid to second molar. One quadrant was treated with a modified Widman flap a...

Periodontal diseases are localized chronic inflammatory conditions of the gingival and underlying bone and connective tissue. Platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent inflammatory phospholipid mediator that has been previously detected in elevated levels in inflamed gingival tissues, in gingival crevicular fluid and in saliva, is implicated in periodontal disease. Our results from previous st...

A high-performance hquid chromatographic assay for total hydroxyproline in serum and gingival crevicular fiuid has been developed. The Clq component of the first complement factor was precipitated out of the samples with a 0.02 M sodium acetate solution. Ahquots of the supernatants were dried, vapor hydrolyzed with 6 M hydrochloric acid at 105°C for 24 hours and derivatized with phenylisothiocy...

Introduction: Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) has been widely investigated as a potential source of biomarkers for an individual’s oral and general health information. Various molecules presented in GCF were reported as potential biomarkers for orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Recently, secr...