Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) functions as a neuromodulator, but whether it modulates visceral perception and pain is unknown. Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) mediate enzymatic generation of H(2)S in mammalian cells. Here we have investigated the role of H(2)S in modulating nociception to colorectal distension, a model that mimics some features of the irritable ...

Visceral hypersensitivity and stress have been implicated in the pathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders. We used a selective vasopressin 3 (V(3)) receptor antagonist SSR149415 to investigate the involvement of the vasopressin (AVP)/V(3) signaling system in the development of stress-induced visceral hyperalgesia in rats. Rats were exposed to a daily 1-h session of water avoidan...

Visceral hypersensitivity is the leading complaint of functional bowel disorders. Central sensitization mediated by glutamate receptor activation is implicated in pathophysiology of visceral pain. The glial glutamate transporter EAAT2 is the principal mediator of glutamate clearance to terminate glutamate-mediated responses. Transgenic mice overexpressing human EAAT2 (EAAT2 mice), which exhibit...

Signaling through Ras GTPases controls the activity of many transcription factors including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPbeta), which regulates oncogenic H-Ras(V12)-induced senescence and growth arrest. Here we report that C/EBPbeta (LAP) DNA binding is inhibited by N-terminal sequences and derepressed by oncogenic Ras signaling. Sequence and mutational analyses showed that auto-repress...

Various augmentation techniques have been proposed to incarcerate the condyle for the treatment of temporomandibular joint chronic recurrent dislocation (CRD). Some of them have been used successfully, whereas some of them failed. The purpose of this study was to present an alternative eminoplasty technique, more specifically an inlay augmentation technique of articular eminence in the treatmen...

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway controls cell proliferation, death and differentiation. Several families of extracellular proteins can antagonize Wnt/β-catenin signaling, including the decoy receptors known as secreted frizzled related proteins (SFRPs), which have a cysteine-rich domain (CRD) structurally similar to the extracellular Wnt-binding domain of the frizzled receptors. SFRPs inhibit Wnt sig...

BACKGROUND Relatively few studies have examined survival by pharmacotherapy level and the effects of patient characteristics on mortality by pharmacotherapy level in older chronic respiratory disease (CRD) patients. This study aimed to investigate these issues in older (> or = 65) CRD patients in Western Australia. METHODS We identified 108,312 patients > or = 65 years with CRD during 1992-20...

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of kappa-opioid receptor selective agonists on responses of mechanosensitive afferent fibers in the pelvic nerve. Single-fiber recordings were made from pelvic nerve afferents in the decentralized S1 dorsal root of the rat. A total of 572 afferent fibers in the S1 dorsal root were identified by electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerve; 252 (44%...

In this paper, we study the following delay dynamic equation xΔ(t)+ p(t)x(τ(t)) = 0 for t ∈ [t0,∞)T , where t0 ∈ T , supT = ∞ , p ∈ Crd([t0,∞)T,R) alternates in sign infinitely many times and τ ∈ Crd([t0,∞)T,T) is a strictly increasing unbounded function satisfying τ(t) t for all t ∈ [t0,∞)T . Our results extend recent results for arbitrary time scales. Mathematics subject classification (2010)...

Introduction Chronic renal diseases (CRD) are important health care problems throughout the world, with an increasing prevalence. Diseases of the kidney are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in both the developed and developing nations. CRD and their treatment can give rise to wide spectrum of systemic and oral manifestations. The management of such individuals requires that the clinicia...