The earliest anatomic description of abnormalities of the “occipital vertebrae” was attributed to Meckel in 1815 by Gladstone and Erickson-Powell (20). In 1830, Charles Bell first described the clinical and pathological development of “spontaneous atlantoaxial dislocations” resulting from destruction of the transverse ligament “that holds the process of the dentata in its place” (3). After this...

The shape and size of the skull are determined by various factors. These factors act not only on single individuals in their ontogenesis, but can affect entire populations long term, thus determining developmental trends. aim this study was to determine whether craniometric features European bison proportions constant or change over time. In total, 1097 skulls from Mammal Research Institute Pol...

We show that professional soccer players and their coaches exhibit reference-dependent behavior during matches. Controlling for the state of the match and for unobserved heterogeneity, we show on a minute-by-minute basis that players breach the rules of the game, measured by the referee’s assignment of cards, significantly more often if their teams are behind the expected match outcome, measure...

Let S be a nonempty bounded set in R2. Then S is staxshaped if and only if every 3 or fewer boundary points of S are clearly visible via S from a common point of S. The number 3 is best possible.