OBJECTIVE To define the kinematic motion patterns of the canine cervical spine, with a particular emphasis on identifying differences between the cranial (C(2)-C(4)) and caudal (C(5)-C(7)) segments, and to determine the significance of coupled motions (CM) in the canine cervical spine. STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric biomechanical study. SAMPLE POPULATION Cervical spines of 8 Foxhounds. METHODS Sp...

THE ASSOCIATION between obstructive lesions of the extra-cranial portions of the carotid and vertebral arteries and symptoms of cerebro-vascular insufficiency has long been recognized (Todd, 1844), and with the development of reconstructive arterial surgery during the past 20 years it is hardly surprising that a great deal more attention has been focused on the condition. However, in spite of t...

BACKGROUND The horns and frill of Triceratops and other ceratopsids (horned dinosaurs) are interpreted variously as display structures or as weapons against conspecifics and predators. Lesions (in the form of periosteal reactive bone, healing fractures, and alleged punctures) on Triceratops skulls have been used as anecdotal support of intraspecific combat similar to that in modern horned and a...

BACKGROUND Giant cell arteritis typically involves the temporal arteries, but can involve other cranial arteries. Temporal artery biopsy is the mainstay for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis; however, biopsy may be problematic if giant cell arteritis involves other cranial arteries that are inaccessible for sampling. In these situations, magnetic resonance angiography is a useful, non-invas...

Objective- Using the arthroscopic surgery technique for experimental transection of cranial cruciateligament and arthroscopic findings of stifle joint following ligament transection .Design- Experimental study.Animals- Five healthy mixed breed dogs. Procedures- Five dogs (mean weight 27±3 kg, mean age 3 years) selected to study the stifle joint changesafter experimental cranial cruciate ligamen...

The autonomic nervous system consists of a vast range of nerves and ganglions. Anatomical studies have demonstrated that the sympathetic innervations of the head and neck are affected by the neurons that ramify from the cranial cervical ganglion (CCG). The CCG is the end of the sympathetic cervical trunk, which runs with the vagal nerve during its cervical course. In this study sixteen adult (2...

Tumefactive demyelinating brain disease can pose a diagnostic challenge in patients without a pre-existing diagnosis of multiple sclerosis by mimicking intra-cranial neoplasms, infarction, as well as infections. Choosing when to biopsy a tumefactive lesion to exclude alternative pathology can be difficult. Here we report a case of a 44 year old female patient without a previous history of multi...

Patients complaining of pain in tooth bearing regions of the oral cavity may be suffering from a disorder unrelated to pulpal pathology. Unnecessary dental procedures may complicate the diagnosis and aggravate the underlying disorder. Referral of pain to the oral cavity and teeth may easily be explained by the extensive neurological connections of the trigeminal brain stem complex with other cr...

Abusive head injuries are among the most common causes of serious and lethal injuries in children. These injuries may result from impact or shaking or a combination of these mechanisms. These mechanisms cause the child's head to undergo acceleration-deceleration movements which may create inertial movement of the brain within the cranial compartment. Differential movement between the brain and ...

Neurological signs have been described as "false localising" if they reflect dysfunction distant or remote from the expected anatomical locus of pathology, hence challenging the traditional clinicoanatomical correlation paradigm on which neurological examination is based. False localising signs occur in two major contexts: as a consequence of raised intracranial pressure, and with spinal cord l...