The formation of branchiomeric nerves (cranial nerves V, VII, IX and X) from their sensory, motor and glial components is poorly understood. The current model for cranial nerve formation is based on the Vth nerve, in which sensory afferents are formed first and must enter the hindbrain in order for the motor efferents to exit. Using transgenic zebrafish lines to discriminate between motor neuro...

Schwannoma, also known as neurilemmoma, is a slowly growing benign neurogenic tumor, originating from the Schwann cells of nerve sheath. Schwannoma can arise various nerves such cranial nerves, spinal autonomic and most common in head neck area. However, lingual very rare clinical findings are non-specific. Therefore, when it occurs submandibular space, difficult to differentiate them other tum...

Background/Objective: Our aim was to optimize the most effective MR imaging sequence for visualization of the 12th cranial nerve (hypoglossal nerve) through its cisternal course. Patients and Methods: We applied balanced fast-field echo (B-FFE), 3D-T2 weighted Driven Equilibrium RF Reset Pulse (DRIVE), T2 weighted 2D TSE and post-contrast T1 weighted sequences and tried to find out the best seq...

A 77-year-old man showed bilateral abducens palsies and multiple cranial nerve enhancement on magnetic resonance images (MRI) and aseptic meningitis. He had xerophthalmia and xerostomia. Serum anti-SS-A and anti-SS-B antibodies were present. He had Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) and corticosteroid therapy ameliorated the symptoms. The cranial nerve enhancement and the cerebrospinal fluid findings wer...

512 Iran J Med Sci September 2017; Vol 42 No 5 Dear Editor, Neurolymphomatosis (NL) is a rare condition of lymphomatous infiltration of peripheral nervous system, usually by B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).1,2 The symptoms are classified in four patterns, such as painful involvement of nerves or roots, cranial neuropathy with or without pain, painless involvement of peripheral nerves, and pai...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has a severe influence on the nervous system and it is more likely to occur on the nerves of the upper and lower extremities than on the cranial nerves. According to the statistics, the incidence of cranial nerve involvement ranges anywhere from 3% to 14%. The aim of this study is to perform facial nerve conduction studies in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy, ...