The autonomic nervous system is a sophisticated and independent structure composed of two antagonistic (opposing) divisions (sympathetic and parasympathetic) that control many vital functions including: homeostasis maintenance, heart rate, blood circulation, secretion, etc. Thymus is one of the most important primary lymphoid organs playing a role in the developing of a juvenile’s immune system...

BACKGROUND Various types of lumbar dural punctures may contribute to neurological injury. The etiologies of dural injury include; inadvertent dural punctures due to epidurals placed for labor anesthesia, epidural steroid injections (ESI/transforaminal TESI; approximately 9 million ESI performed in the US per year), deliberate placement of intradural pain devices, and spontaneous cerebrospinal f...

The present experiments show the presence of both metenkephalin-like and met-enkephalin-Arg6-Phe7-like immunoreactivity in the superior cervical ganglion of the cat; this was determined by radioimmunoassay after high-pressure liquid chromatography separation of tissue extracts. There was measurable efflux of both peptides, as determined by radioimmunoassay of ganglionic perfusates; this measure...

Rat superior cervical sympathetic ganglion was used to begin studying the regulation of molecular components of the synapse. Ganglionic postsynaptic densities (PSDs)exhibited a thin, disc-shaped profile electron microscopically, comparable to that described for brain. Moreover, the presumptive ganglionic PSD protein (PSDp) was phosphorylated in the presence of Ca2+ and calmodulin, bound 125I-la...

8 Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is regarded as a key mediator in the 9 generation of primary headaches. CGRP receptor antagonists reduced migraine pain 10 in clinical trials and spinal trigeminal activity in animal experiments. The site of CGRP 11 receptor inhibition causing these effects is debated. Activation and inhibition of CGRP 12 receptors in the trigeminal ganglion may influenc...

Differential screening of a cDNA library from the PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cell line previously revealed a clone, clone 73, whose corresponding mRNA is induced by nerve growth factor (NGF). Induction parallels NGF-stimulated PC12 differentiation from a chromaffinlike phenotype to a sympathetic neuronlike phenotype. We report that DNA sequence analysis reveals that clone 73 mRNA encodes an inte...

Ultrasound-guided blocks of the cervical plexus are established anesthetic procedures for carotid endarterectomies. However, the innervation of the cervical region is complex and subject to relevant anatomical variability. Involved are portions of the cervical and brachial plexus and cranial nerves (IX,X-functional and sensory innervation of the arterial vessel wall; VII-platysma, XIsternocleid...