Efforts to estimate plant productivity using satellite data can be frustrated by the presence of cloud cover. We developed a new method to overcome this problem, focussing on the high-arctic archipelago of Svalbard where extensive cloud cover during the growing season can prevent plant productivity from being estimated over large areas. We used a field-based time-series (2000−2009) of live abov...

Abstract Vegetation plays a major role in the realistic display of outdoor scenes. However, manual plant placement can be tedious. For this reason paper presents new proposal field procedural modeling natural This method creates ecosystems that maximizes covered space by optimizing an objective function subject to series constraints defined system inequalities. includes environment taking into ...

Water scarcity is one of the factors limiting plant growth and development. More than onethird of the global terrestrial ecosystems is located in arid and semi-arid regions. The mostimportant limiting factor for plant growth is water shortage. Drought could significantlychange the natural vegetation cover. Rainfall reduction in Iraq, Turkey and Syria hasreduced vegetation cover so that dust sto...

Rehabilitation of downy brome–infested shrublands is challenging once this invasive grass dominates native communities. The effectiveness of imazapic herbicide in reducing downy brome cover has been variable, and there is uncertainty about the impacts of imazapic on native species. We used a before-after-control-impact (BACI) field experiment and greenhouse studies to (1) determine if imazapic ...

The O2 budget of seagrasses is regulated by a complex interaction between several sources and sinks, which is strongly regulated by light availability and mass transfer over the diffusive boundary layer (DBL) surrounding the plant. Epiphyte growth on leaves may thus strongly affect the O2 availability of the seagrass plant and its capability to aerate its rhizosphere as a defense against plant ...

objective: citrus (citrus reticulata) is one of the most important horticultural plant in iran and weed management throuth ecological methods such as cover crop is a proper option in orchard management practices. methods: the experiment was designed as a split plot on the base of complete randomized block design with four replications in mazandaran province, sari, voushka county from 2010 to 20...

Climate is the most important factor of plants distribution in global and regional scale. Understanding the current distribution of vegetation cover and its interaction with climate regularity is important for predicting its future. In order to determine the effective climate factors in plant life-form in Polour rangelands in the Damavand summit (2400 to 4100 m above sea level), Iran, a study w...

The presence of plant litter on the soil surface influINTRODUCTION ences the flow of nutrients, carbon, water, and energy in Ecological Importance of Litter terrestrial ecosystems. Quantifying plant litter cover is Litter is senescent (or dead) plant material that gradually important for interpreting vegetated landscapes and for decomposes into soil. It is difficult to classify litter beevaluat...

snow cover area is one of the most important criteria to calculate snow melt runoff. this can have an effect on the biology of the plant and the environment of a region. using the catchment basin physical characteristic to calculate snow cover area is a conventional method, though its accuracy is not good enough. most of the useful methods in calculating snow cover area are based on satellite i...