ETHIOPIA and Liberia, in applications to the International Court of Justice, alleged that the Union of South Africa [South Africa] has violated Article 22 of the Covenant of the League of Nations and the terms of a Mandate under which it has responsibility for administering the Territory of South West Africa. Specifically the petitioning states charge that South Africa, in administering the ter...

This paper presents an extension to Bitcoin’s script language enabling covenants, a primitive that allows transactions to restrict how the value they transfer is used in the future. Covenants expand the set of financial instruments expressible in Bitcoin, and enable new powerful and novel use cases. We illustrate two novel security constructs built using covenants. The first, vaults, focuses on...

Michael B. Kass INTRODUCTION Contracts are enforceable, right? Not always, at least not when it comes to non-compete agreements. Indeed, employers and their employees often have misconceptions about the enforceability of restrictive covenants. The employer is often convinced of its ability to enforce the agreement to prevent its employee from competing, while the employee often believes that th...

We examine whether banks, in providing financing for the deals, monitor firms mergers and acquisitions to the extent that will benefit acquirers shareholders. Inconsistent with the conventional theoretical argument, we do not find that bank-financed deals are associated with better stock or accounting performance than bond-financed deals or deals paid with internal cash. There is strong evidenc...

he international community has made great strides in developing a coherent body of international human rights law principles. Far less attention, however, has been focused on the extent to which such principles have been implemented within countries and the processes involved in their implementation. This is particularly evident in relation to economic, social, and cultural rights, not least wi...

Elective rotations for Doctor of Medicine students are available at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics and at several other sites throughout Iowa, including St. Luke's Hospital, Cedar Rapids; Great River Medical Center, Burlington; Covenant Medical Center, Waterloo; Broadlawns Medical Center, Des Moines; and Mercy Medical Center, Sioux City. Students also may arrange an off-service electi...

The basis of Sir William Osler's fame is elusive to almost all and the appropriateness of such recognition is questioned by many. His many contributions as a practitioner, teacher, writer, and scientist in medicine do not adequately explain his prominence 60 years following his death. It was his participation in the covenant of medicine and the special components of that relationship that may a...

Andrew T. Lovering, Marlowe W. Eldridge, and Michael K. Stickland University of Oregon, Department of Human Physiology, Eugene, Oregon; Department of Population Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin; Division of Pulmonary M...

The State parties of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) recognize “the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health” (Art. 12o), creating the “conditions which would assure to all medical service and medical attention in the event of sickness” and that the right to health is articulated in several o...