Methods A decision analytical model, incorporating a short–term decision tree and long-term Markov model were constructed. The use of Monte Carlo simulation and Value of Information analysis enables both the cost-effectiveness of TAVI to be estimated, based on the existing information, and the value of, and requirements for, further evidence collection to be determined. The model allows for the...

Main Outcome Measures: Outcomes included life expectancy, quality-adjusted life expectancy, and lifetime costs. Cost-effectiveness ratios were in dollars per qualityadjusted life year ($/QALY) gained. Results: In the general population, screening 1 time, every 2 years, and annually saved 1.6, 4.4, and 5.2 QALYs per 1000 persons screened, with incremental costeffectiveness ratios of $10 100/QALY...

Background: Metformin is the first-line oral hypoglycemic agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) per international guidelines with proven efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness. However, little information comparing it with acarbose exists. Objective: To study the costeffectiveness of metformin and acarbose—two extensively adopted agents—in treating T2DM. Methods: Cost-minimization analysi...

This study uses primary data to assess the impact of deworming and school feeding programs on pupil’s educational outcomes measured by test scores. In particular we elaborate on deworming at home vs. school. Relying on Propensity Score Matching and selection models we find that meals program significantly increase pupils’ test scores. The impact is more important for pupils who are in schools h...

Past work related to the private prison system has focused on direct comparisons between private and public facilities, including their respective quality, costeffectiveness, and influence on recidivism. Using 2005 United States data compiled from a prison facility census, county census, and information on number of arrests by county, I examine the effect that the presence of private prisons ha...

The measurement of pulse wave velocity (PWV) is a wellknown technique currently considered the gold standard of arterial stiffness quantification due to its simplicity, accuracy, reproducibility, and predictive value [1]. Recently, the guidelines from the European Society of Hypertension confirmed the PWV as a marker of organ damage having better cardiovascular predictive value, greater reprodu...

Materials and methods A pragmatic cluster, randomised, controlled trial compared the system of care against usual care. Randomisation was at the level of stroke service. Participants’ use of health/social care services and informal care were measured by self-complete questionnaires at baseline, 6 and 12 months. From these, we estimated and compared individual-level total costs from health/socia...

This chapter introduces the concept of educational efficiency and its calculating formula to describe the effect, cost, and duration of an educational system composing learners, teachers, and learning content and instructional approaches. Then the formula is used to compare the cost-effectiveness of the blended learning with CSIEC system and that of the traditional teaching and learning approac...

Transmission assessment surveys (TAS) for lymphatic filariasis have been proposed as a platform to assess the impact of mass drug administration (MDA) on soil-transmitted helminths (STHs). This study used computer simulation and field data from preand post-MDA settings across Kenya to evaluate the performance and costeffectiveness of the TAS design for STH assessment compared with alternative s...

We propose a new influence model for allocating budgets to advertising channels. Our model captures customer’s sensitivity to advertisements as a threshold behavior; a customer is expected to be influenced if the influence he receives exceeds his threshold. Over the threshold model, we discuss two optimization problems. The first one is the budget-constrained influence maximization. We propose ...