Mallee plantations have been integrated into wheat farms in Western Australia as a large-scale and multi-purpose woody crop since the 1990s. Mallee describes the growing habit of certain eucalypt species that grow with multiple stems shooting from an underground crown root (lignotuber), usually to a height of up to 10 meters. These types of plantations could be a considerable source of biomass ...

this study considers an eoq inventory model with advance payment policy in a fuzzy situation by employing two types of fuzzy numbers that are trapezoidal and triangular. two fuzzy models are developed here. in the first model the cost parameters are fuzzified, but the demand rate is treated as crisp constant. in the second model, the demand rate is fuzzified but the cost parameters are treated ...

As walking speed increases, consistent relationships emerge between the three determinant parameters of walking, speed, step frequency and step length. However, when step length or step frequency are predetermined rather than speed, different relationships are spontaneously selected. This result is expected if walking parameters are selected to optimize to an underlying objective function, know...

There is a growing conviction among policy-makers that the availability of adequate numbers of well-trained and motivated human resources is a key determinant of health system' s capacity to achieve their health, responsiveness and fairness-improving goals. The objective of this study was to estimate the cost, effectiveness and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of various distance-education...

Dispersal costs need to be quantified from empirical data and incorporated into dispersal models to improve our understanding of the dispersal process. We are interested in quantifying how landscape features affect the immediately incurred direct costs associated with the transfer of an organism from one location to another. We propose that least-cost modelling is one method that can be used to...

In this paper, the authors want to implement the solution of combinatorial problem, based on the heuristic behavior of ant. This paper focuses on a highly developed solution procedure using ACO algorithm. This helps to solve routing problems easily. It also reflects the method considering flow, distance, cost, and emergency etc. Here, a new algorithm named UVTR (Update Vehicle Traffic Routing) ...

The rival penalized competitive learning (RPCL) algorithm has been developed to make the clustering analysis on a set of sample data in which the number of clusters is unknown, and recent theoretical analysis shows that it can be constructed by minimizing a special kind of cost function on the sample data. In this paper, we use the Mahalanobis distance instead of the Euclidean distance in the c...

A time dependent minimization problem for the computation of a mixed L 2 /Wasserstein distance between two prescribed density functions is introduced (in the spirit of 1] for the \classical" Wasserstein distance). The optimum of the cost function corresponds to an optimal mapping between prescribed initial and nal densities. We propose to enforce the nal density conditions through a penalizatio...

Let S and T be point sets with |S| ≥ |T | and total cardinality n. A linking between S and T is a matching, L, between the sets where every element of S and T is matched to at least one element of the other set. The link distance is defined as the minimum-cost linking. In this note we consider a special case of the link distance where both point sets lie on the real line and the cost of matchin...

For the total cost of the inventory without backorder model, if we fuzzify the order quantity, the total demand, the cost of storing and the cost of placing an order as fuzzy numbers then we can obtain the fuzzy total cost. In this paper, we apply the signed distance method to defuzzify the fuzzy total cost and then solve the optimal order quantity.