A low-cost and portable vector network analyzer (VNA) which covered operating frequency between 1MHz to 3GHz is used for vector reflection coefficient and standing wave ratio (swr) of the various microstrip antennas. This paper presents measurements of various ultra wideband (uwb) microstrip antennas for applications in biomedical field. Selection of antenna is an important key for detection of...

According to the current Airport planning and design practices, for a given demand level there is a corresponding space requirement. While in practice, there are always trade-offs between cost and levels of service, labor and automation, equipment and fixed facilities, and expansion of existing facilities and the addition of new ones. In this research, the airport passenger Terminal Building (P...

Mixed-model assembly lines are increasingly accepted in many industrial environments to meet the growing trend of greater product variability, diversification of customer demands, and shorter life cycles. In this research, a new mathematical model is presented considering balancing a mixed-model U-line and human-related issues, simultaneously. The objective function consists of two separate com...

The allocation of design tolerances between the components of a mechanical assembly and manufacturing tolerances can significantly affect the functionality of products and related production costs. This paper introduces Imperialist Competitive Algorithm (ICA) approach to solve the machining tolerance allocation of an overrunning clutch assembly.  The objective is to obtain optimum tolerances of...

The Present time system software’s are complex and cost estimation is required in such type of complex software’s .The overall cost of such software’s can be reduced by reusing the existing components. The component based software engineering is the technique through which we can easily reuse the existing components and able to reduce the overall software cost. We can estimate the overall cost ...

Online component markets can be costly for consumers to use, in terms of the time and effort spent understanding the components on offer. This cost of understanding will deter consumers from reusing the available components. Software visualisations derived from the components’ run-time behaviour can lessen the cost of understanding. We have developed a prototype tool called Spider for providing...

Globalization is motivated by the potential for cost reduction through access to lower labor costs, as well as by the potential for increased sales through access to new markets. A review of cost data indicates the potential savings related to labor as compared to the potential additional costs related to raw materials, shipping, and tariffs. A logistics cost model is then presented that consid...

BACKGROUND The costs involved with technology-enhanced simulation remain unknown. Appraising the value of simulation-based medical education (SBME) requires complete accounting and reporting of cost. We sought to summarize the quantity and quality of studies that contain an economic analysis of SBME for the training of health professions learners. METHODS We performed a systematic search of M...

this paper presents a new mathematical model for a redundancyallocation problem (rap) withcold-standby redundancy strategy and multiple component choices.the applications of the proposed model arecommon in electrical power, transformation,telecommunication systems,etc.manystudies have concentrated onone type of time-to-failure, butin thispaper, two components of time-to-failures which follow hy...

in this study, the performance of an irreversible regenerative brayton cycle is sought through power maximizations using finite-time thermodynamic concept in finite-size components. optimizations are performed using a genetic algorithm. in order to take into account the finite-time and finite-size concepts in the current problem, a dimensionless mass-flow rate parameter is used to deploy time v...