A series of complex logic gates were constructed based on graphene oxide and DNA-templated silver nanoclusters to perform both arithmetic and nonarithmetic functions. For the purpose of satisfying the requirements of progressive computational complexity and cost-effectiveness, a label-free and universal platform was developed by integration of various functions, including half adder, half subtr...

The increasing number of people who are colonized or infected with multidrug-resistant bacteria imposes a high economic burden on society which includes the negative impact on health status as an intangible cost. An economic analysis leads to the conclusion that currently too little is done to prevent or control infections. The reasons include insufficient incentives for health care providers, ...

AIM The purpose of this review is to generate an inventory of issues that matter from a patient perspective in health research and quality of care. From these issues, criteria will be elicited to support patient(s) (groups) in their role as advisor or advocate when appraising health research, health policy and quality of health care. BACKGROUND Literature shows that patients are beginning to ...

In a probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA) of a cost-effectiveness (CE) study, the unknown parameters are considered as random variables. A crucial question is what probabilistic distribution is suitable for synthesizing the available information (mainly data from clinical trials) about these parameters. In this context, the important role of Bayesian methodology has been recognized, where t...

Advice on how to access the best available online sources of research evidence on clinical and cost effectiveness published in three recent issues of Effectiveness Matters is reviewed.

New information and computing technologies offer cost efficient and effective learning opportunities for health care professionals. The Assisted Electronic Communication project is prototyping, administering and evaluating a digital discourse system for health care professionals within an acute Hospital. Health care staff participating in the study are able to access and contribute to threaded,...

This study examines the relation between life events and the adoption of wills among older adults using the 1996 and 2000 surveys of the Heath and Retirement Study. The results suggest that the adoption of wills and trusts is associated with four life events (i.e., becoming a widow, being diagnosed with cancer, retiring, and having a positive change in assets). Older adults experiencing these e...

Courseware abstraction is an approach to CAL whereby the lesson author creates a general parametetized CAL lesson that is then applied to many concrete examples. This approach has the following advantages over alternative approaches to lesson development: it is cost efficient; it facilitates lesson verification; it encourages the provision of as many examples as are desirable; it simplifies the...

Priority setting of health interventions is generally considered as a valuable approach to support low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in their strive for universal health coverage (UHC). However, present initiatives on priority setting are mainly geared towards the development of more cost-effectiveness information, and this evidence does not sufficiently support countries to make optimal...

Suppose that infinitesimal firms have identical variable costs but there is heterogeneity in their fixed costs. Regardless of the ordering of entry and exit, fixed costs will be minimized for a given industry size. Journal of Economic Literature Classifications: L11 & L13