The sources of very high energy cosmic rays should also be sources of neutrinos. While the complete scheme of ultrahigh energy cosmic ray production is not yet understood [1], ancillary to cosmic ray production are neutrino fluxes, both at the source of the cosmic rays and through cosmic ray propagation and scattering with the microwave background. Given that neutrinos are unabsorbed and undefl...

Context. Low-energy cosmic rays are a fundamental source of ionization for molecular clouds, influencing their chemical, thermal and dynamical evolution. Aims. The purpose of this work is to explore the possibility that a low-energy component of cosmic-rays, not directly measurable from the Earth, can account for the discrepancy between the ionization rate measured in diffuse and dense interste...

Explanations of the origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays are severely constrained by the Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuz’min effect, which limits their propagation over cosmological distances. We argue that possible departures from strict Lorentz invariance, too small to have been detected otherwise, can affect elementary-particle kinematics so as to suppress or forbid inelastic collisions of cosmic-ra...

Stawicki (2005) has recently proposed, and used, a new approach that is based on the Newton-Lorentz equation and the recently derived NLGC-theory, to describe transport of charged cosmic rays in velocity and configuration space. Whereas the theoretical investigation of cosmic ray propagation is an interesting and important field of research, it is argued in this paper that Stawicki's conclusion...

The GALPROP model for cosmic-ray propagation is able to make explicit predictions for the distribution of galactic diffuse gamma-rays. We compare different propagation models with gamma-ray spectra measured by EGRET for various regions of the sky. This allows sensitive tests of alternative explanations for the apparent excess emission observed at GeV gamma-rays. We find that a population of har...

It is demonstrated that clusters of galaxies are able to keep cosmic rays for a time exceeding the age of the Universe. This phenomenon reveals itself by the production of the diffuse flux of high energy gamma and neutrino radiation due to the interaction of the cosmic rays with the intracluster gas. The produced flux is determined by the cosmological density of baryons, Ωb, if a large part of ...

Recent observations of cosmic ray electrons from several instruments have revealed various degrees of deviation in the measured electron energy distribution from a simple power-law, in a form of an excess around 0.1 to 1TeV energies. An even more prominent deviation and excess has been observed in the fraction of cosmic ray positrons around 10 and 100GeV energies. These observations have receiv...

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS), whose final version AMS-02 is to be installed on the International Space Station (ISS) for at least 3 years, is a detector designed to measure charged cosmic ray spectra with energies up to the TeV region and with high energy photon detection capability up to a few hundred GeV, using state-of-the-art particle identification techniques. Following the succes...