The knowledge of the optical properties biological tissues in a wide spectral range is highly important for development noninvasive diagnostic or treatment procedures. absorption coefficient one those properties, from which various information about tissue components can be retrieved. Using transmittance and reflectance measurements acquired ex vivo rabbit brain cortex samples allowed to calcul...

The primary cilium, a microtubule based organelle protruding from the cell surface and acting as an antenna in multiple signaling pathways, takes center stage formation of cerebral cortex, part brain that performs highly complex neural tasks confers humans with their unique cognitive capabilities. These activities require dozens different types neurons are interconnected ways. Due to this compl...

Background It is important to find a predictor for the course of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome for better planning of treatment. Renal cortical echogenicity in ultrasonography has been postulated as a marker for the course of renal disease. The present study aimed at evaluating the relationship between renal cortical echogenicity and the course...

Here, we summarize the current knowledge on cell diversity in cortex and other brain regions from vivo mouse models vitro based pluripotent stem cells. We discuss mechanisms underlying proliferation temporal progression that leads to sequential generation of neurons dedicated different layers cortex. highlight corticogenesis cells recapitulate specific transcriptional connectivity patterns cort...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to play a role in experience-dependent plasticity of the developing visual cortex. For example, BDNF acutely enhances long-term potentiation and blocks long-term depression in the visual cortex of young rats. Such acute actions of BDNF suggested to be mediated mainly through presynaptic mechanisms. A chronic application of BDNF to the visual cor...

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to play a role in experience-dependent plasticity of the developing visual cortex. For example, BDNF acutely enhances long-term potentiation and blocks long-term depression in the visual cortex of young rats. Such acute actions of BDNF suggested to be mediated mainly through presynaptic mechanisms. A chronic application of BDNF to the visual cor...

Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the primary motor cortex (M1) is a promising treatment for chronic pain, but its mechanism action remains unclear. Competing dynamic causal models effective connectivity between M1 and medial lateral pain systems suggest direct input into insular, anterior cingulate cortex, parietal operculum. This supports hypothesis that analgesia produced from most likely...

the variations of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd) activity in different brain regions of normal, hypo- and hyperthyroid rats were investigated. hypo- and hyperthyrodism were experimentaly induced by administration of methimazol and liothyronine, respectively. in normal rats, midbrain had the minimum (70 mu/mg) and cerebral cortex the maximum (349 mu/mg) g6pd activity. hyperthyrodism in...

the purpose of the present study was to determine the role of medial prefrontal cortex (mpfc) dopaminergic system in fear conditioning response considering individual differences. animals were initially counterbalanced and classified based on open field test, and then were given a single infusion of the dopamine agonist, amphetamine (amph) and antagonist, clozapine (clz) into the medial prefron...

protein amyloid beta (a?), as the pathologic hallmark of alzheimer disease (ad), increases in the brain of diabetic patients. the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of voluntary wheel running combined with allium paradoxum extract on cortex amyloid beta (a?1-42) levels in diabetic rats induced with alloxan. for this purpose, 42 male wistar rats (weight 185+1 gr, 8 weeks ...