Acute retroviral syndrome developed in an inmate in a detention center after he had intercourse with 2 HIV-infected inmates. Correctional facilities house a disproportionate number of HIV-infected persons, and most do not provide inmates with condoms. Correctional healthcare providers should be familiar with primary HIV infection and acute retroviral syndrome.

About one in nine Canadians who are infected with hepatitis C spend time in a correctional facility each year. With high rates of current injection drug use and needle sharing, this population may account for a large proportion of new infections. Any national strategy to address hepatitis C should include a focus on persons in correctional facilities, and should build on existing evidence regar...

In an effort to increase the use of research in criminal justice and correctional practices, the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) supports research to study and develop the best strategies to achieve this goal. Translational criminology studies, such as those by Laub1 and Innes and Everett,2 often found that researcher-practitioner partnerships (RPPs) serve as an effective strategy to increa...

Current national standards and/or guidelines for correctional mental health care programs emphasize the importance of various levels of mental health screening and evaluation that should be performed by qualified personnel on all inmates as part of the admission process to a prison. The authors describe the results of a study that included data from all 50 state departments of corrections regar...

Correctional inmates engage in drug-related and sexual risk behaviors, and the transmission of HIV, hepatitis, and sexually transmitted diseases occurs in correctional facilities. However, there is uncertainty about the extent of transmission, and hyperbolic descriptions of its extent may further stigmatize inmates and elicit punitive responses. Whether infection was acquired within or outside ...

Indigenous juveniles (those aged 10 to 16 years in Queensland and 10 to 17 years in all other jurisdictions) are over-represented at all stages of the criminal justice system, and their over-representation becomes more pronounced at the most severe end of the system (ie in detention). Recent figures show that Indigenous juveniles are 24 times as likely to be detained in a juvenile correctional ...

The American College of Physicians is developing a series of position papers addressing the health care needs of medically underserved populations. This paper identifies prisoners in correctional institutions as a medically underserved group, clarifies some of the causes of and possible solutions to the problem of providing adequate correctional health care, and focuses on the role of internist...