BACKGROUND Measurement of the balance between nociception and anti-nociception during anaesthesia is challenging and not yet clinically established. The Surgical pleth index (SPI), derived from photoplethysmography, was proposed as a surrogate measure of nociception. Recently, the analgesia nociception index (ANI) derived by heart rate (HR) variability was developed. The aim of the present stud...

background ascorbic acid is amongst important water-soluble vitamins and when used orally in high-doses it has been observed to relieve pain and reduce opioid use in patients. however no controlled trial has compared the antinociceptive effects of ascorbic acid with other analgesic groups on animal models, and investigated the involved mechanisms. objectives in the present study, the antinocice...

introduction: glabrous skin and hairy skin are innervated by different types of noxious fibers. however, the different nociceptive behaviors induced by formalin, a commonly used model of acute inflammatory pain, have not yet been systematically examined in the glabrous and hairy skin. methods: in this study, we compared nociceptive behaviors induced by formalin injections (2%, 4%, and 8%) into ...

The sensory thalamus has been reported to play a key role in central pain sensory modulation and processing, but its response to repeated nociception at thalamic level is not well known. Current study investigated thalamic response to repeated nociception by recording and comparing the activity of the same thalamic neuron during the 1st and 2nd formalin injection induced nociception, with a wee...

OBJECTIVES Pain catastrophizing has been associated with higher pain intensity, increased risk of developing chronic pain and poorer outcomes after treatment. Despite this, the mechanisms by which pain catastrophizing influences pain remain poorly understood. It has been hypothesized that pain catastrophizing may impair descending inhibition of spinal level nociception. The aims of this study w...