The lateral C1-C2 needle insertion for cervical myelography is a valuable alternative to lumbar puncture and is considered a safe procedure. Mullen et al. [1] initially described this approach for cervical cordotomy and later Kelly and Alexander [2] adopted this technique for visualization of the spinal canal and its contents. Mullen early reported transient paresis and vertebral artery embolus...

Because of the close anatomical relationships between thyroid gland and laryngeal nerves, sensory-motor impairment of the laryngeal functions is a well known possible complication of thyroid surgery. Laryngeal nerve paralysis can present with various and often associated symptoms like dysphagia, aspiration, voice alteration or dyspnea. Several examination procedures are mandatory to perform a c...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Posterior glottic stenosis may cause more or less severe dyspnea. The popular endoscopic procedures have only a limited role in the treatment. Considering our clinical experiences, endoscopic arytenoid abduction lateropexy (EAAL) after proper mobilization of the fixed joints provides an effective option even in high-grade stenoses. STUDY DESIGN To confirm these clinical ...

Spinal cord blood flow (SCBF) and the effect of end-tidal CO2 concentration (ETCO2) on SCBF (CO2 reactivity) were studied in the lumbar spinal cord of cats by means of the hydrogen-clearance technique Hydrogen gas was administered by inhalation, and its level in spinal cord tissue was estimated amperometrically with small (75 micrometers) platinum electrodes. The average SCBF's at normocapnia (...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Robotic surgery is increasingly used for a variety of head and neck surgical procedures but has yet to be adapted for routine robotic microlaryngeal surgery (RMLS). Current retractor technology is limited by the following: poor tongue retraction, poor oral commissure retraction, poor larynx visualization, and laryngeal blades that do not take advantage of the robot's abili...

Posterolateral sulcus (PLS) approach of the spinal cord, being equivalent to the dorsal root entry zone myelotomy, may offer the satisfactory exposure of the spinal intramedullary tumor if applied appropriately. Eight consecutive patients with spinal intramedullary tumors of lateral location underwent the surgery of PLS approach in our institute. There were 6 male and 2 female patients, ranging...

Intramedullary spinal cord tumors, and more specifically ependymomas, are rare and can be a source of significantmorbidity for the patient. Resection of large spinal cord ependymomas may be associated with risks because of the extent of the manipulation of spinal cord parenchyma required to remove the tumor. Furthermore, large tumors often partially invade or adhere to the spinal cord, making t...

INTRODUCTION Posterior glottic stenosis (PGS) presents a challenge to the airway surgeon. A variety of techniques, ranging from endoscopic laser arytenoidectomy and partial cordotomy to open laryngotracheoplasty with anterior and posterior costal cartilage grafting, have been described with variable results in addressing this problem in adults. Endoscopic posterior cricoid split and rib graft (...