This paper examines the organization and performance of Cuba’s private and state-run organizations following the economic liberalization that started in 2010-2011. The reforms reduced the constraints faced by private sector organizations and the sector expanded considerably. Additionally, worker cooperatives were newly permitted in the non-agricultural sector. All this while state owned and man...

The development of a theory of kin selection has proceeded along two lines. Inclusivefitness models have implicitly assumed that sel~tion is weak, whereas exact-population genetic models place no constraints on the strength of selection. Several examples are presented showing that qualitatively new behavior has emerged from the exact models. However, for many problems, the exact-population and ...

This study is the first to empirically investigate whether farmers’ assessment of their cooperatives’ environmental efforts related satisfaction with cooperatives, in addition cooperatives economic and social terms. A survey was conducted among a randomly selected sample 211 members 63 farmer Fujian Province, China. Binary logit analyses were test three theoretically derived hypotheses. There p...

since 1980s, credit policy has been promoted as an important mechanism in job creation, especially for women. however, some researchers have showed that although microfinance programs have significant potential for contributing to women’s wellbeing, yet, many women borrowers have limited control over loans and/or resulted income. in such cases credit policy may not change women status. women’s ...

the purpose of this study was to investigate and to analyze the barriers to the development of sport cooperatives in iran professional sport with an emphasis on article 44. as this study was qualitative, elites and experts were qualitatively interviewed to identify the most important barriers to the development of sport cooperatives. the sample consisted of those subjects who provided the most ...

there are always factors and forces which stimulate and threaten the participation of women in social fields. the general goal of this research is to study the viewpoints of actors (agents, managing board, and members of cooperatives) on the participation of women in women’s cooperatives. this is a quantitative (descriptive) research. considering the limitations of research and the criterion pr...

Introduction Argan oil has sky-rocketed from a mere tourist attraction to one of the most prized oils in the world in a few short years. Argan oil’s unique savor and multiple pharmacological properties are responsible for this success. Argan oil is almost exclusively produced in southwestern Morocco, one of the poorest parts of the country, where all-women cooperatives specialize in high qualit...

With globalization, small rural producers must compete in a competitive economic market. Due to their small size and limited financial capacity, they face significant challenges in doing so. We discuss the design and evaluation of two mobile phone based tools to help small producers achieve economies of scale and a quality premium. These tools were developed using CAM, a camera-based mobile pho...