In the late 1970s, industrial countries began moving toward full reliance on indirect instruments, such as open market operations, rediscount facilities, and reserve requirements. Many developing and transition economies have followed suit. Indirect instruments are more effective than direct instruments in today’s increasingly open economic environment. N IMPLEMENTING monetary policy, a central...

Solvent extraction of steam exploded lignocellulosic biomass may be a potential way to obtain antioxidative extracts and to enhance the enzymatic convertibility of the solid residue. Boiling solvent extraction (BSE) showed higher solid and phenolic yields than room temperature extraction. Solubilities of phenolics and sugars were higher in anhydrous ethanol (AE) and deionized water (DW) than in...

Abstract This paper focuses on the using augmented reality elements in educational process, particular autonomous learning. The possibility of interactive semantic networks learning foreign languages is considered. technology selection and structuring specialised terminology basis for their further use study mastering automated translation systems has been developed proposed. criteria creating ...

We analyze a banking system in which the class of feasible deposit contracts, or mechanisms, is broad. The mechanisms must satisfy a sequential service constraint, but partial or full suspension of convertibility is allowed. Consumers must be willing to deposit, ex ante. We show, by examples, that under the socalled “optimal contract,” the post-deposit game can have a run equilibrium. Given a p...

This paper introduces a new concept called controllable ring signature which is ring signature with additional properties as follow. (1) Anonymous identification: by an anonymous identification protocol, the real signer can anonymously prove his authorship of the ring signature to the verifier. And this proof is non-transferable. (2) Linkable signature: the real signer can generate an anonymous...