QED 2 with mass and N flavors of fermions is constructed using Euclidean path integrals. The fermion masses are treated perturbatively and the convergence of the mass perturbation series is proven for a finite space-time cutoff. The expectation functional is decomposed into clustering θ-vacua and their properties are compared to the θ-vacua of QCD for zero fermion mass. The sector that is creat...

Hemagglutinin (HA) mediates membrane fusion, a crucial step during influenza virus cell entry. How many HAs are needed for this process is still subject to debate. To aid in this discussion, the confinement free energy method was used to calculate the conformational free energy difference between the extended intermediate and postfusion state of HA. Special care was taken to comply with the gen...

A novel plasma confinement concept based on plasma confinement by electromagnetic pressure of circularly polarized electromagnetic fields is proposed. Practical implementation of this concept in a toroidal device is suggested. In this concept the confining field frequency is in the lower range such that the size of the device is much smaller than the vacuum wavelength. Most of the previous radi...

An overview of the theory and phenomenology of hadrons and QCD is provided from a DysonSchwinger equation viewpoint. Following a discussion of the definition and realisation of light-quark confinement, the nonperturbative nature of the running mass in QCD and inferences from the gap equation relating to the radius of convergence for expansions of observables in the current-quark mass are descri...

In this paper‎, ‎following a very recent‎ ‎and new approach‎, ‎we further generalize recently introduced‎ ‎summability methods‎, ‎namely‎, ‎$I$-statistical convergence and‎ ‎$I$-lacunary statistical convergence (which extend the important‎ ‎summability methods‎, ‎statistical convergence and lacunary‎ ‎statistical convergence using ideals of $mathbb{N}$) and‎ ‎introduce the notions of $I$-statis...

in this paper, we use the concept of graph convergence of h(.,.)-co-accretive mapping introduced by [r. ahmad, m. akram, m. dilshad, graph convergence for the h(.,.)-co-accretive mapping with an application, bull. malays. math. sci. soc., doi: 10.1007/s40840-014-0103-z, 2014$] and define an over-relaxed proximal point method to obtain the solution of a generalized variational inclusion problem ...

By combining ab initio all-electron localized orbital and pseudopotential plane-wave approaches we report on calculations of the electron affinity (EA) and the ionization potential (IP) of (5, 5) and (7, 0) single-wall carbon nanotubes. The role played by finite-size effects and nanotube termination has been analysed by comparing several hydrogen-passivated and not passivated nanotube segments....

A metallic coupler is proposed to interface a silicon on insulator (SOI) waveguide with a narrow hybrid plasmonic waveguide (200× 200 nm). The device operation is investigated and optimized to attain the best tradeoff between the mode confinement and the propagation loss. Calculations reveal that a high confinement and low loss of the energy is achieved from a silicon slab waveguide into the di...

A comprehensive study of Schottky barrier MOSFET (SBMOSFET) scaling issue is performed to determine the role of wafer orientation and structural parameters on the performance of this device within Non-equilibrium Green's Function formalism. Quantum confinement increases the effective Schottky barrier height (SBH). (100) orientation provides lower effective Schottky barrier height in compa...