The spatiotemporal distribution of drugs in the inner ear cannot be precisely evaluated because of its small area and complex structure. In the present study, we used hyaluronic acid (HA)-dispersed luciferin to image transgenic mice and to determine the effect of HA on controlled drug delivery to the cochlea. GFAP-luc mice, which express luciferase in cochlear spiral ganglion cells, were subcut...

Soybean 'Harosoy' is resistant to Cucumber mosaic virus soybean strain C (CMV-SC) and susceptible to CMV-S strain D (CMV-SD). Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Northern hybridization, we characterized the Harosoy resistance and found that CMV-SC did not spread systemically but was restricted to the inoculated leaves in Harosoy. Harosoy resistance was not controlled by either a dominan...

Objective. To compare the efficacy and safety of subcutaneous (SC) versus oral administration of methotrexate (MTX) in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. MTX-naive patients with active RA (Disease Activity Score in 28 joints >4) were eligible for the study if they had not previously taken biologic agents and had not taken disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for 2 weeks p...

Shionogi Carcinoma 115 cells (SC 115 cells) and Chiba Subline 2 cells (CS 2 cells) are clones of an androgen-responsive mouse tumor cell line and its autonomous subline, respectively. Since it was reported that the growth of cells from SC 115 was regulated by an androgen-induced fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-like peptide (1), the present study was aimed at examining whether a similar growth fa...

This study sought to examine instructor immediacy and presence in an online learning environment in relation to student affective learning, cognition, and motivation. It found a statistically significant positive relationship between instructor immediacy and presence. It also found that the linear combination of instructor immediacy and presence is a statistically significant predictor of stude...

When designing systems that support remote instruction on physical tasks in the real world, one must consider four requirements1) participants must be able to take appropriate positions, 2) they must be able to see and show gestures, 3) they must be able to organize the arrangement of bodies and tools and gestural expression sequentially and interactively 4) the instructor must be able to give ...

Owing to the ever-increasing prevalence of social media use, social commerce has become an important part of e-commerce. This study endeavors to explore the impact of social media quality and social support on the social commerce (SC) intention directly and through the variable of perceived risk. The sample included 214 social media users in Isfahan collected through simple random sampling meth...

We tested the hypothesis that highly structured course designs, which implement reading quizzes and/or extensive in-class active-learning activities and weekly practice exams, can lower failure rates in an introductory biology course for majors, compared with low-structure course designs that are based on lecturing and a few high-risk assessments. We controlled for 1) instructor effects by anal...