Contrart-to-duty imperatives are those which tell us what we ought to do if we violate some of our obligations. In this work, we give an inconsistencyfriendly framework for contrary-to-duty imperatives and introduce three semantics for it: static, dynamic and topological. The static semantics uses the standard modal paraconsistent approach whereas the dynamic semantics views violations as dynam...

In this paper the problems in deontic logic around contrary to duty obligations are used to conduct a study in basic normative ontology. Three causes of the problems around contrary to duty obligations are identified, that is 1) the attempt to analyze obligations in terms of what is ideally the case, 2) the application of deontic inheritance to the presuppositions of obligations, and 3) the fai...

The statistical perspective on boosting algorithms focuses on optimization, drawing parallels with maximum likelihood estimation for logistic regression. In this paper we present empirical evidence that raises questions about this view. Although the statistical perspective provides a theoretical framework within which it is possible to derive theorems and create new algorithms in general contex...

Children ranging from 4 to 8years (n=39) reported whether they could imagine various improbable phenomena (e.g., a person making onion juice) as well as various impossible phenomena (e.g., a person turning an onion into a banana) and then described what they imagined. In their descriptions, children mentioned ordinary causes much more often than extraordinary causes. Descriptions of such ordina...

This paper discusses the relation between deontic logic and the study of conversational interactions. Special attention is given to the notion of remedial interchange as analysed by sociologists and linguistic pragmaticians. This notion is close to the one of contrary-to-duty (reparational) obligation, which deontic logicians have been studying in its own right. The present article also investi...

Exo-planet migration is assumed to have occurred to explain close-to-star gas giant exoplanets within the context of the so-called standard model of solar system formation, rather than giving cause to question the validity of that particular model. I present evidence against the concept of planet migration, evidence that is historical, interdisciplinary, and model-independent. First, I demonstr...