metabolic alkalosis is characterized by high hco3- as it is seen in chronic respiratory acidosis, but ph differentiates the two disorders. there is no characteristic symptom or sign. orthostatic hypotension may be encountered. weakness and hyporeflexia occur if serum k+ is markerdly low. tetany and neuromuscular irritability occur rarely. we report the results of retrospective data analysis of ...

[Purpose] This study assessed the activity of the abdominal muscles according to the angle of the knee joints during sit-to-stand. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty healthy adult males participated in this study. Subjects initiated sit-to-stand at knee joint angles of 60°, 90°, or 120°. An electromyography system was used to measure the maximum voluntary isometric contraction of the rectus abdomini...

We investigate in situ the structural changes during self-assembly of PbS nanocrystals from colloidal solution into superlattices, solvent evaporation, and ligand exchange at the acetonitrile/air interface by grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). We simulate and fit the diffraction peaks under the distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) to determine the lattice parameters. W...

We propose a molecular mechanism of force generation in muscle, based primarily on site-specific spectroscopic probe studies of myosin heads in contracting muscle fibers and myofibrils. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and time-resolved phosphorescence anisotropy (TPA) of probes attached to SH1 (Cys 707, in the catalytic domain of the head) have consistently shown that most myosin heads in...

The specific-heat difference between the O:H van der Waals bond and the H-O polar-covalent bond and the Coulomb repulsion between electron pairs on adjacent oxygen atoms determine the angle-length-stiffness relaxation dynamics of the hydrogen bond (O:H-O), which is responsible for the density and phonon-stiffness oscillation of water ice over the full temperature range. Cooling shortens and sti...

OBJECTIVE To analyze and to describe the shape and contraction of the normal right ventricle (RV) as visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Thirty normal volunteers were imaged using cine MRI in axial, short-axis, and long-axis planes. The shape and contraction of the RV were qualitatively evaluated. Quantitative evaluation of RV shape was performed by calculating the angle s...

We study non-elastic billiard dynamics in an equilateral triangular table. In such dynamics, collisions with the walls of the table are not elastic, as in standard billiards; rather, the outgoing angle of the trajectory with the normal vector to the boundary at the point of collision is a uniform factor λ < 1 smaller than the incoming angle. This leads to contraction in phase space for the disc...

CONTENTS 3.1 Scope ............................................................................................................. 68 3.2 Left Ventricular Shape Factor Based Contractility Index .................... 68 3.2.1 LV Model Geometry Development ............................................. 69 3.2.2 Determination of LV Model Wall Stress..................................... 70 3.2.3 Normal...

We develop a molecular-statistical theory of the smectic-A-smectic-C transition which is described as a transition of the order-disorder type. The theory is based on a general expansion of the effective interaction potential and employs a complete set of orientational order parameters. All the order parameters of the smectic-C phase including the tilt angle are calculated numerically as functio...

The purposes of this study were to create a three-dimensional representation of strain during isometric contraction in vivo and to interpret it with respect to the muscle fiber direction. Diffusion tensor MRI was used to measure the muscle fiber direction of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of seven healthy volunteers. Spatial-tagging MRI was used to measure linear strains in six directions du...