In this paper, it is argued that oral contraceptives should be available without prescription. Prescription status entails heavy costs, including the dollar, time, and psychological costs of visiting a physician to obtain a prescription, the financial and human costs of unintended pregnancies that result from the obstacle to access caused by medicalization of oral contraceptives, and administra...

OBJECTIVE To examine the use of hormonal contraceptives among immigrant and native women in Norway. DESIGN Nationwide registry-based study based on merged data from the Norwegian Prescription Database, the Norwegian Population Registry, the Regular General Practitioner Database and the Medical Birth Registry. SETTING Norway. SAMPLE All women born abroad to two foreign-born parents (immigr...

Since the onset of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, a relevant question has been whether contraception can influence or be influenced by the disease, and how HIV prevention can be integrated into HIV prevention and care programmes. On face value, it would appear that the promotion of all types of contraceptives would complement and synergize HIV/AIDS prevention efforts. However, there is now sufficient e...

Refugee youths are vulnerable persons who have a need for contraception, yet face challenges that limit its use. Data on perceptions, knowledge, access and attitudes toward contraceptive use were collected from 208 refugee youths living in Oru refugee camp, Nigeria. Findings revealed that respondents experience difficulty gaining access to family planning services, which are not available in th...

High-risk fertile age women in the Singosari district who used Non-MKJP was 95.8% and MKJP 42%. The driving factor selection of contraceptives is confidence reducing risk factors for disease. This can be seen using Health Belief Model (HBM) theory. purpose this study to analyze relationship between HBM high-risk fertile-age women. research design correlation analysis with a cross-sectional appr...

BACKGROUND The postpartum period is a time of transition for a pregnant woman and her new family. In this period many pregnant women are in search about the family planning methods. But contraceptive options differ depending on women's desires such as cultural and religious believes, partner attitudes, previous contraceptive experiences. OBJECTIVE This study was conducted to identify status o...

This study investigates sustained use of contraceptives among women in East Java, Indonesia. Interest is focused on the effect of whether the client's choice of contraceptive method was granted or denied, and the interaction between whether choice was granted or denied and husband-wife concurrence concerning method choice. Data were collected twice in a panel survey. The first round was conduct...

OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of venous thrombosis in current users of different types of hormonal contraception, focusing on regimen, oestrogen dose, type of progestogen, and route of administration. DESIGN National cohort study. SETTING Denmark, 1995-2005. PARTICIPANTS Danish women aged 15-49 with no history of cardiovascular or malignant disease. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Adjusted rate ra...

objective: to compare side effects between users of two kinds of injectable contraceptives (depo-medroxy progesterone acetate and cyclofem). materials and methods: this cross-sectional descriptive study included 250 women, aged 18-40 years, using depo-medroxy progesterone acetate (dmpa) or cyclofem. the volunteers were examined six months after using contraceptive, and they were asked about fol...

Long-acting contraceptives are the most effective reversible contraceptive methods. Increasing patients’ access to these may translate into fewer unintended pregnancies and lead substantial individual public health benefits. However, development of long-acting products can be complex challenging. This review provides ( a) an overview representative programs for antipsychotics as cases conceptua...