OBJECTIVE Endoscopic procedures like percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) needs continuous irrigation for better vision and to wash away stone fragments and blood clots. Systemic absorption of irrigation fluids may lead to fluid overload and electrolyte disequilibrium. Renal failure patients are more prone to these electrolyte disturbances. We have evaluated the outcomes of normal saline as irri...

KUSLU, Y., U. SAHIN, T. TUNC and F. M. KIZILOGLU, 2010. Determining water-yield relationship, water use efficiency, seasonal crop and pan coefficients for alfalfa in a semiarid region with high altitude. Bulg. J. Agric. Sci., 16: 482-492 A field study was conducted to determine effects of seasonal deficit irrigation on plant dry forage yield and water use efficiency of alfalfa for a 2-year peri...

BACKGROUND Transurethral laser therapy techniques are increasingly being used in the management of bladder tumors. It has reportedly been associated with good outcomes in small case series. The objective of the present study was to review the published literature and compare transurethral laser therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and conventional transurethral resection of bl...

BACKGROUND The efficacy of endodontic irrigation procedures can be compromised by the complexity of the root canal system. Delivering irrigants to the apical third of curved canals presents a particular challenge to endodontists. This study compared the effects of two ultrasonic irrigation techniques on the penetration of sodium hypochlorite into the main canal and simulated lateral canals of c...

The effect of 10-year continuous saffron cultivation on physical and chemical properties of a silty clay loam soil was investigated in a research farm of College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz (52 º 33ʹ E Longitude and 29º 36ʹ N latitude), Iran. This farm was irrigated with different regimes (100% of saffron's potential evapotranspiration (ETp), 75%ETp, 50%ETp) including rain fed tre...

Irrigation water quality became worst in terms of increasing its salinity and causes severe problems in many cultivated crop species, resulting in lower yield. In addition, the scarcity of irrigation water due to overuse or runoff is another limitation for increasing food and feed production. Saline water treatment technology offers potential solutions; however this technology is yet expensive ...

A male tetraplegic patient attended accident and emergency with a blocked catheter; on removing the catheter, he passed bloody urine. After three unsuccessful attempts were made to insert a catheter by nursing staff, a junior doctor inserted a three-way Foley catheter with a 30-mL balloon but inflated the balloon with 10 mL of water to commence the bladder irrigation. The creatinine level was m...

In recent decades, many technical improvements have been achieved in the use of prosthetic joints, and the risk of infection has been greatly reduced, to current rates of 0.4-2.0% following primary knee replacement. However, the increasing rate of joint replacements being performed means that the absolute number of such infections remains significant and poses substantial costs to healthcare sy...

a field experiment was carried out during 2001 in the experimental fields of sugar beet seed institute in karaj. the objective of this study was to determine the response of some quantitative and qualitative traits of three sugar beet lines subjected to continuous water stress and normal conditions. three sugar beet lines 7219-p.69, bp-karaj and 7112 as tolerant, semi tolerant and sensitive to ...

[1] Achieving a sustainable use of water resources, in view of the increased food and biofuel demand and possible climate change, will require optimizing irrigation, a highly nontrivial task given the unpredictability of rainfall and the numerous soil‐plant‐ atmosphere interactions. Here we theoretically analyze two different irrigation schemes, a traditional scheme, consisting of the applicati...